对虾传染性肌肉坏死病研究进展

对虾传染性肌肉坏死病(infectious myonecrosis,IMN)最初于2002年8月爆发于巴西Piaui州的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖场,并很快在巴西东北沿岸蔓延开来,目前已传至亚洲.2004年,经美国亚利桑那大学(University of Arizona)水产病害实验室研究,该病为一种新的对虾疾病,根据其症状,暂定名为传染性肌肉坏死病.     

换道概率对交通系统动能的影响

基于跟车模型的特点,提出了跟车模型的动能变化公式,利用该公式研究换道概率对各车辆动能的影响.数值实验结果表明,换道概率和相对速度对各车辆动能产生较大影响,但换道概率和相对速度会分别降低其动能变化频率和幅度.此外,系统增加的平均动能会随着系统最大换道概率的增加而降低.     

新一代区域海-气-浪耦合台风预报系统

依托国家重点基础研究（973）计划项目"上层海洋对台风的响应和调制机理研究",中国气象局上海台风研究所联合国家海洋局的相关单位,通过实施近海台风的外场观测科学试验、加强台风边界层（特别是海气相互作用）物理过程诊断分析及参数化方案等的研究,建立并改进了台风强度预报的海-气-浪耦合预报模式系统,并在此基础上发展了台风强度的集合预报技术,在历史典型台风个例和2016-2017年台汛期的业务化测试中表现出良好的预报性能。     

Laboratory tests of vortex-induced vibrations of a long flexible riser pipe subjected to uniform flow

Laboratory tests have been conducted on vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a long flexible riser towed horizontally in a wave basin. The riser model has an external diameter of 16 mm and a total length of 28.0 m giving an aspect ratio of about 1750. Reynolds numbers ranged from about 3000 to 10,000. Fiber optic grating strain gages are adopted to measure the dynamic response in both cross-flow and in-line directions. The cross-flow vibrations were observed to vibrate at modes up to 6 and the in-line reached up to 12. The fundamental response frequencies can be predicted by a Strouhal number of about 0.18. Multi-mode responses and the asymmetry of the bare pipe response in uniform flow were observed and analyzed. The experimental results confirmed that the riser pipe vibrated multi-modally despite it being subject to a uniform current profile and all of the excited modes vibrated at the Strouhal frequency. The asymmetrical distribution of displacement mainly resulted from the modal composition. Higher harmonics of the VIV response such as the third, fourth and fifth harmonics frequencies were found to be steady over the entire duration of the test even if they varied along the length of the riser pipe.     

内核及外围尺度对热带气旋强度影响的数值试验

采用WRF数值模式模拟并对热带气旋尺度与强度关系进行了探讨,且初步诊断分析了内核及外围尺度对热带气旋强度影响的可能机制,结果表明:(1)内核区较大时的缩放引起角速度变化是其影响热带气旋强度的机制之一;(2)内核区较小时的进一步收缩引起的眼区次级环流破坏是其影响热带气旋强度的一种机制;(3)外围尺度变化造成低层上升至高层的水汽总量变化,是其影响热带气旋强度的一种机制;另一方面,外围尺度发生变化使得低层气流向热带气旋内的辐合减少,亦是其影响热带气旋强度的机制之一。     

天然叶蜡石及其热处理产物的电子顺磁共振（EPR）研究

利用EPR研究了18个天然叶蜡石样及其4个热处理产物。发现天然叶蜡石有三个EPR吸收带：A（g有效≈11．4），B（g有效≈4．3）和C（g有效≈2．0），其中A是叶蜡石的特征谱。A在＞400℃热处理时与B在强度上呈消长关系；＜400℃热处理时A和B均随温度升高而加强；900℃时A消失，B的强度远远大于原样中的A；C附有超精细结构谱（g″=2.04,g┴=1.96,A″≈A┴=19.5×10^-4T），C在热处理时呈现复杂的变化。结果表明，A吸收带属于叶蜡石八面体AI（Fe)-O4(OH)2中的Fe^3 ，B吸收带归于八面体AI（Fe)-O2(OH)4中的Fe^3 ，C吸收带是无机自由基（如AI－O^-Si)和有机自由基的叠加谱；900℃热处理后八面体层中配位发生了变化：AI（Fe)-O4(OH2)→AI（Fe)-O5 H2O↑，AI(Fe)-O2(OH)4→AI(Fe)-O4 H2O↑；类质同象置换AI^3 的不仅有Fe^3 ,而且有Fe^2 离子。     

Tropical cyclones and multiscale climate variability: The active western North Pacific Typhoon season of 2018

The 2018 typhoon season in the western North Pacific(WNP) was highly active, with 26 named tropical cyclones(TCs) from June to November, which exceeded the climatological mean(22) and was the second busiest season over the past twenty years. More TCs formed in the eastern region of the WNP and the northern region of the South China Sea(SCS). More TCs took the northeast quadrant in the WNP, recurving from northwestward to northward and causing heavy damages in China's Mainland(69.73 billion yuan) in 2018. Multiscale climate variability is conducive to an active season via an enhanced monsoon trough and a weakened subtropical high in the WNP. The large-scale backgrounds in 2018 showed a favorable environment for TCs established by a developing central Pacific(CP) El Ni?o and positive Pacific meridional mode(PMM)episode on interannual timescales. The tropical central Pacific(TCP) SST forcing exhibits primary control on TCs in the WNP and large-scale circulations, which are insensitive to the PMM. During CP El Ni?o years, anomalous convection associated with the TCP warming leads to significantly increased anomalous cyclonic circulation in the WNP because of a Gill-type Rossby wave response. As a result, the weakened subtropical high and enhanced monsoon trough shift eastward and northward, which favor TC genesis and development. Although such increased TC activity in 2018 might be slightly suppressed by interdecadal climate variability, it was mostly attributed to the favorable interannual background. In addition, high-frequency climate signals,such as intraseasonal oscillations(ISOs) and synoptic-scale disturbances(SSDs), interacted with the enhanced monsoon trough and strongly modulated regional TC genesis and development in 2018.     

2.5-D DC Resistivity Modeling Considering Flexibility and Accuracy

We highlighted the flexibility of using unstructured mesh together with the local refinement by a resistivity model with complicated topography. The effect of topography is emphasized. Based on this, we calculated a specific class of layered models and found that the accuracy is not always satisfactory by utilizing the standard approach. As an improvement, we employed the layered earth as the reference model to calculate the wavenumbers. The comparison demonstrates that the accuracy is considerably improved...