翡翠绿色的定量评定

目前对翡翠颜色的定名多以所见实物或多年沿袭下来的俗称以形象描绘。对翡翠颜色的评价则是以“柔和悦目”和“引人喜爱”为标准。本文在前人研究的基础上,以色度学理论为基础,以ＰｈｏｔｏＳｈｏｐ软件为工具,对翡翠绿色定量划分与评定进行初步探讨。１　色度学及ＰｈｏｔｏＳｔｈｏｐ的颜色理论色度学［１］是研究颜色和评价颜色的一门学科。一般选用红、绿、蓝三色作为原色,三原色按不同比例配合成各种颜色。颜色给人的感觉,可因人的主观因素或光源的不同色调叠加而发生变化。但就颜色本身而论,其特征决定于色调（Ｈ）、饱和度（Ｓ…     

基于构造的测震学参数在鲁东-黄海地块的应用

以基于构造的测震学参数分析为思路,利用地震构造分区和地质构造单元的划分结果,检验了基于活动边界带的测震学参数方法的可行性;将活动地块内部（地质构造复杂且地震活动频繁）构造单元与测震学参数相结合,研究中强震前震源区所在的构造单元测震学参数的变化特征,提取具有中期预测意义的震兆标志,为中强震的预测提供理论依据。结果显示：中强地震前,郯庐断裂带（鲁东-黄海地块西边界带）及扬子地块（鲁东－黄海地块内部构造单元）D、C值异常过程明显,且各有特点,证明了基于活动地块内部构造单元的测震学参数方法具有良好的可行性。     

大庆长垣西缘断裂浅部构造特征

大庆石油物探资料结果表明,大庆长垣西缘断裂的上盘,即东侧的北西向断裂可能存在第四纪活动断裂。为了确定大庆长垣西缘断裂的空间展布以及该区的地壳浅部地质构造特征,本项研究布设了2条跨大庆长垣西缘断裂的浅层地震探测剖面。结果表明,大庆长垣西缘断裂表现为走向北东、倾向南东的逆断层,为一条中生代晚期活动断裂。断裂的上盘,即东侧发育有一系列次级断裂,断裂的断层性质以及断层倾向多样化,两条测线东部均发育错断第四纪地层的断层,使得该区浅部地层形成地堑与地垒构造。本项研究不仅可进一步提高对大庆长垣地区浅部构造特征的认识,而且为大庆市地震危险性评价提供依据。     

利用掌上电脑开发水准测量记簿软件

采用嵌入式程序设计的方法,在掌上电脑开发水准测量记簿软件,使野外观测数据记录更加方便。本文详细介绍了该程序的设计构思和一些技术问题。     

西安咸阳地下热水氘过量参数研究

通过分析西安、咸阳地区地下热水的δ18O和δD同位素数据,研究了氘过量参数d的特征及水岩交换程度对d值分布的影响。结果表明:西安、咸阳地区浅层地下热水水岩作用不明显,深层地下热水水岩交换作用显著,发生氧漂移,咸阳部分水点发生较为明显的2H交换;含水层封闭性越好,地质环境越还原,水岩作用就越强,d值就越小;氧漂移愈偏离大气降水线,d值越小,埋深愈大,滞留时间愈长,矿化度愈大,地下热水温度越高。     

防水措施对堤坝地震液化影响的数值分析

通过基于有效应力的完全耦合动力分析方法,研究了混凝土面板坝在地震作用下的动力响应,详细地讨论了堤坝迎水面斜坡上铺设的防水毯对堤坝地震液化的影响。计算中土体采用Cyclic mobility本构模型,该模型通过在修正剑桥模型上增加应力诱导各向异性、超固结和结构性的概念及其相关发展准则,可以很好地描述可液化土体的动力特性。计算结果表明防水毯的存在可以有效降低坝体的地下水位浸润线,增加坝基的初始有效应力,从而降低坝基地震液化发生的可能性,同时坝体的变形明显减小。     

Shifting Correlation Between Earthquakes and Electromagnetic Signals: A Case Study of the 2013 Minxian–Zhangxian ML 6.5 (MW 6.1) Earthquake in Gansu,China

The shifting correlation method (SCM) is proposed for statistical analysis of the correlation between earthquake sequences and electromagnetic signal sequences. In this method, the two different sequences were treated in units of 1 day. With the earthquake sequences fixed, the electromagnetic sequences were continuously shifted on the time axis, and the linear correlation coefficients between the two were calculated. In this way, the frequency and temporal distribution characteristics of potential seismic electromagnetic signals in the pre, co, and post-seismic stages were analyzed. In the work discussed in this paper, we first verified the effectiveness of the SCM and found it could accurately identify indistinct related signals by use of sufficient samples of synthetic data. Then, as a case study, the method was used for analysis of electromagnetic monitoring data from the Minxian–Zhangxian M_L 6.5 (M_W 6.1) earthquake. The results showed: (1) there seems to be a strong correlation between earthquakes and electromagnetic signals at different frequency in the pre, co, and post-seismic stages, with correlation coefficients in the range 0.4–0.7. The correlation was positive and negative before and after the earthquakes, respectively. (2) The electromagnetic signals related to the earthquakes might appear 23 days before and last for 10 days after the shocks. (3) To some extent, the occurrence time and frequency band of seismic electromagnetic signals are different at different stations. We inferred that the differences were related to resistivity, active tectonics, and seismogenic structure.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠北部泛滥平原全新世沉积相矿物成份分布与环境意义

通过对塔里木河中游冲积平原典型剖面矿物成份分析，说明本区域重矿物含量较大，平均为（４．０６％），全新世剖面不同时代矿物含量变化相似。整个剖面地层中不稳定矿物含量较高；长石含量地很高，证实了塔干北部气候的干燥性。本区域主要矿物为角闪石、云母、辉石类、绿帘石类，并列出本地的标型矿物，分层矿物、局地矿物类。沙丘沙来源于就地冲积层，冲积层物质来源于河流周期性洪水。并分析了全新世地层中矿物成份所反映的干旱气     

Electron Probe Microanalysis of Bromine in Minerals and Glasses with Correction for Spectral Interference from Aluminium,and Comparison with Microbeam Synchrotron X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

The strong spectral interference between Br‐ and Al‐induced X‐ray lines hampers the utilisation of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) for measuring Br mass fractions in Al‐bearing minerals and glasses. Through measuring Br‐free Al‐bearing materials, we established an EPMA method to quantify the overlap from AlKα on BrLβ, which can be expressed as a linear function of the Al₂O₃ content. The count rate of the BrLβ peak signal was enhanced by high beam currents and long measurement times. Application of this EPMA method to Al‐ and Br‐bearing materials, such as sodalite and scapolite, and to five experimental glasses yielded Br mass fractions (in the range of 250–4000 μg g^?1) that are consistent with those measured by microbeam synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence (μ‐SXRF) spectrometry. The EPMA method has an estimated detection limit of ~ 100–300 μg g^?1. We propose that this method is useful for measuring Br mass fractions (hundreds to thousands of μg g^?1) in Al‐bearing minerals and glasses, including those produced in Br‐doped experiments. In addition, the natural marialitic scapolite (ON70) from Mpwapwa (Tanzania) containing homogeneously distributed high mass fractions of Br (2058 ± 56 μg g^?1) and Cl (1.98 ± 0.03% m/m) is an ideal reference material for future in situ analyses.     

How changes of groundwater level affect the desert riparian forest ecosystem in the Ejina Oasis,Northwest China

Groundwater is a key factor controlling the growth of vegetation in desert riparian systems. It is important to recognise how groundwater changes affect the riparian forest ecosystem. This information will not only help us to understand the ecological and hydrological process of the riparian forest but also provide support for ecological recovery of riparian forests and water-resources management of arid inland river basins. This study aims to estimate the suitability of the Water Vegetation Energy and Solute Modelling(WAVES) model to simulate the Ejina Desert riparian forest ecosystem changes,China, to assess effects of groundwater-depth change on the canopy leaf area index(LAI) and water budgets, and to ascertain the suitable groundwater depth for preserving the stability and structure of desert riparian forest. Results demonstrated that the WAVES model can simulate changes to ecological and hydrological processes. The annual mean water consumption of a Tamarix chinensis riparian forest was less than that of a Populus euphratica riparian forest, and the canopy LAI of the desert riparian forest should increase as groundwater depth decreases. Groundwater changes could significantly influence water budgets for T. chinensis and P. euphratica riparian forests and show the positive and negative effects on vegetation growth and water budgets of riparian forests. Maintaining the annual mean groundwater depth at around 1.7-2.7 m is critical for healthy riparian forest growth. This study highlights the importance of considering groundwater-change impacts on desert riparian vegetation and water-balance applications in ecological restoration and efficient water-resource management in the Heihe River Basin.