《环境地质工程概论》网络CAI课件开发

《环境地质工程概论》CAI课件是基于计算机技术、网络技术和多媒体技术，以ProntPage2000为基本开发工具而开发的集文字、图像、动画、声音于一体化的网络多媒体系统和计算机辅助教学系统；并通过该CAI课件的网上发布向全社会讲解人类地质环境和环境保护方面的知识。     

粤北大沟谷热水沉积钠长石岩岩石化学及稀土元素

大沟谷含金钠长石岩带上为层状下为脉状产于震旦系乐昌峡群片岩中,主要由钠长石岩及碳酸盐岩组成。钠长石岩多为块状及条带状构造。钠长石岩和片岩化学成分不同,钠长石岩相对富集Al₂ O₃ 、TiO₂ 、MnO、Na₂O、P₂O₅,而贫Fe₂O₃ 、FeO、MgO、CaO、K₂ O。在主要氧化物组成的直角坐标图上,钠长石岩和片岩位于不同的区域及具不同的变化趋势。钠长石岩稀土元素含量较低,在 12.5 6× 10 -6～ 5 5.6 6× 10 -6之间,具较低的La/Yb(1.82～ 6.42 )、La/Sm(0.96～ 2.99)、Gd/Yb(0.99～ 2.71)比值,较大的δEu异常范围 (0.41～ 0.8),弱的δCe异常。钠长石岩地质产状特征及稀土元素特征表明其主要是热水沉积形成的。     

两次岫岩震群的特征及其预报意义研究

本文对1988年1月、1999年11月岫岩两次震群的性质及序列特征作了较系统的分析和研究。结果表明：序列各项特征参数及预测指标都显示出了具有明确意义的预报信息。特别是1999年11月前震序的低b值、低h值及多台小震初动符号和波形特征的高度一致性和稳定性都预示着震源区应力的高度集中和稳定,也为短临预报提供了可靠的信息。此外,前震序列的频度分布的时间结构和能量释放的时间过程也明确显示出“密集－平静－发震”和“增强－减弱－发震”的特点。这种临震预报特征与海域地震前震活动的时空结构和时空过程十分相似。本文还讨论了两震群之间特殊部位发生断层贯通的可能性,并给出震级上限的估计。     

气候变化与北疆北部2000年特大雪灾的必然性及预测

利用1960～2003年新疆阿勒泰地区7测站及塔城地区北部5测站当年11月至次年1月,44a气温、降水资料,研究了北疆北部冬季气候变化特征,解释了2000年该地区冬季特大雪灾极端气候事件出现的必然性,最后探讨了该地区冬季降水的预测问题;并得出一点很有意义的结论:在气候增暖、增湿背景下,特大雪灾也是可以预报的。     

Seismic diagnosis of railway substructures by using secondary acoustic emission

One difficult task for the seismic diagnosis of existing structures is how to nondestructively evaluate the damage degree of invisible substructures, such as embedded foundations. To diagnose substructures efficiently, a method for nondestructive inspection is developed by applying acoustic emission (AE) technique. As a newly proposed method, characteristics of secondary AE induced by train operations were investigated, and experiments using model piles and in-situ AE monitoring of in-service railway bridges conducted under railroad traffic, from which it was demonstrated that the proposed method is practicable enough to detect invisible defects in structures. A new index, known as RTRI (ratio of Repeated Train load at the onset of AE activity to Relative maximum load for Inspection period) is proposed for structural damage qualification based on the results of in-situ AE monitoring.     

陕西省泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属地质累积指数评价

通过对陕西省泾惠渠灌区现场调查及土壤样品的采集,分析了灌区土壤中Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、As、Cu、Zn等7种元素的含量,应用地质累积指数对灌区土壤进行了评价。结果表明：从区域分布看,阎良区、临潼区、高陵县所属采样点污染较严重;Hg污染最严重,地质累积指数为1.007～3.117,58%的采样点级别为3级,属中度污染到强污染,38%的采样点级别为2级,属中度污染;Zn污染程度次之,地质累积指数为-0.407～1.644,71%的采样点级别为1级,属无污染到中污染;Cd污染变异程度最大,地质累积指数为-2.705～3.312,70%的采样点级别0级,属无污染,但个别采样点达到了强污染;Cu的地质累积指数为-0.535～0.421,Pb为-1.119～-0.144,Cr为-1.005～-0.458,As为-0.562～0.077,除个别点外这些重金属污染级别皆为0级,属无污染。     

瞬变电磁方法在探测煤矿浅层高阻采空区中的应用

过去在煤矿浅层高阻采空区探测中,普遍认为高密度电法为较好的方法,而瞬变电磁法通常被认为其对低阻反映较灵敏,对高阻反映不灵敏,而很少采用,但我国内蒙、山西等地,地表沟壑纵横,高差较大,不具备高密度电法的施工条件。因此,笔者给出一种在较小线框下进行的瞬变电磁方法,通过配合高发射频率和大发射电流,能够比较清晰的反映出地下高阻目标体,以此说明,针对地形起伏较大,不适合高密度电法施工的地方,小框瞬变电磁方法可以在一定程度上解决煤矿中不含水采空区的物探手段问题。文中参考煤矿不含水采空区埋深较浅的情况,设计了理论模型,正演计算得到的效果良好,对高阻的反映较为灵敏,并在鄂尔多斯地区某煤矿实际应用了该方法,得到的结果与开挖情况相符合,对煤矿生产起到了很好的指导作用,这表明该方法是切实有效的。     

Physical and biological controls on the summer chlorophyll bloom to the east of Vietnam

The contributions of physical and biological processes to the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) bloom to the east of Vietnam in summer are examined. The offshore jet redistributes Chl-a concentration by transporting high Chl-waters from the continental margin to the east of Vietnam. The jet also contributes to high concentrations of nutrients and zooplankton biomass that lead to a dynamic balance between increased nutrients and grazing pressure for phytoplankton growth. As a consequence, the net biological processes reduce the Chl-a concentrations in the broader offshore region, but they also maintain the filaments with higher Chl-a stretching away from the coast due to the reduced grazing pressure.     

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SEPARATED AND CULTURED CELL OF PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS

There are many reports that cells (protoplasts) separated from the thallus of Porphyra by enzyme can develop to normal leafy thalli in the same way as monopores. But there are few investigations on the subcellular structure of the isolated vegetative cell for ccmparison with the subcellular structure of monospores. To clarify whether the separated and cultured cells undergo the same or similar ultrastructure changes during culture and germination as monospores undergo in their formation and germination, we observed their ultrastructure, ccxnpared them with those of the monospore and found that the ultrastructure of separated and cultured cells did not have the characteristic feature as that of monospore formarion, such as production of small and large fibrous vesicles, but was acccxnpanied by vacuolation andstarch mobilization like that in monospore germination. The paper also discusses the relations between monospores and separated and cultured cells.     

用线性规划法求解瞬变电磁场反射系数

讨论了在水平层状介质中的反射系数的物理意义 ,推出时间域含有以反射系数序列为未知项的欠定方程组 ,提出用线性规划法求解瞬变电磁场反射系数序列 ,并给出求解思路和程序框图。对两个理论模型进行了处理 ,计算出了其反射系数。算例分析结果表明 ,算法可靠 ,程序可行。这一方法可用于瞬变电磁成像数值计算中。