An extended analytic solution for combined refraction and diffraction of long waves over circular shoals

A new analytic solution of the mild-slope long wave equation is derived for studying the effects of bottom topography on combined refraction and diffraction. The solution is essentially of a series form involving the Bessel functions of real orders but is found to be singular as the bottom tends to be parabolic. Numerical evaluation of the solution nearby the singularity requires some special considerations. The particular solution under the singular condition is also given. Study on combined refraction and diffraction for waves around a circular island on the top of a shoal, which is radially described by a power function with two independent parameters, indicates that there exist an extremely high wave zone near the top of a hyperparabolic shoal. It is also found that the intensity of wave ray focusing increases significantly as the mean slope decreases. A direct consequence of the wave ray focusing is the concentration of wave energy and an increase of the maximal wave runup height around the island.     

衡阳盆地北缘盐田桥矿区铜多金属矿地质-地球物理找矿模型研究

盐田桥铜多金属矿床位于衡阳盆地北缘茶恩寺铅锌多金属成矿区,区内成矿地质条件优越。本文总结了矿区内岩(矿)石物性特征,研究了岩(矿)石物性组合模型,激电中梯异常、激电测深异常及高频大地电磁异常(EH4)特征,并结合矿床地质特征,初步建立了盐田桥矿床地质-地球物理勘探找矿模型,以期指导矿床深部及其外围同类型矿床地质找矿工作。     

一种钻孔水力采煤系统的研究

钻孔水力采煤是指从地表钻孔至煤层借助送至孔底的水射流切割破碎煤层,使之变成具有流动性的煤水混合物。通过水力或气举提升的方法提升到地表并在地表进行煤、水分离的一种采煤方法。文中提出了一种钻孔水力采煤系统的原理、构成及其施工工艺。通过理论分析和试验研究,对该钻孔水力采煤系统的射流泵水力提升、气举提升和水射流破碎的三个关键技术,进行讨论和分析,得出一些有用的结论:(1)为提高采矿效率和单井采煤量并降低能耗,必须将钻孔水力采煤系统的三个关键技术有机地结合起来进行设计。射流泵的设计应该满足煤颗粒最低悬浮速度、无量纲参数的最优化以及防止汽蚀的要求;(2)在射流泵喷嘴形式的选择中,可以根据吸入颗粒的大小来选择中心喷嘴或环形喷嘴射流泵;(3)气举的提升和背压作用可以提高射流泵的提升能力并降低能耗。气举提升单独作为一种开采扬矿工艺具有很大的局限性,但其与射流泵结合后就能很大程度地提高射流泵的提升能力;(4)气举提升与水射流破碎相结合能充分提高水射流的破碎半径和破煤能力。影响水射流效果的主要因素是射流的淹没状态、射流压力和流量,钻孔水力采煤破碎水枪的理想射流是非淹没自由射流,通过气举作用可以在开采峒室内创建非淹没自由射流。     

基于卫星和雷达资料的FAST冰雹云特征分析及识别指标初探

利用风云2号卫星TBB资料、多普勒天气雷达和常规观测资料,分析了近10a影响中国天眼FAST的7次冰雹个例的降雹持续时间、冰雹直径、移动速度等特征,揭示了其源地和移动路径,并初步建立基于卫星和雷达的FAST冰雹识别指标。结果表明：影响FAST冰雹主要发生在春季的傍晚到夜间,冰雹云从初生到降雹平均时间为112 min,平均移动速度为45.5 km/h,降雹持续时间主要为2 min左右,冰雹直径以小于等于10 mm的小冰雹和中冰雹为主;冰雹云源地主要在安顺市,移动路径为西北和偏西路径为主。在降雹前1 h,FAST区域TBB呈西南—东北走向分布,云团中心TBB＜46 ℃,TBB梯度密集的对流区会产生降雹;降雹前30 min识别指标为Z_max≥55 dBz,VIL_max≥30 kg/m²,H_{45 dBz}≥8 km,H_45dBz- H_0℃＞4 km,H_45dBz- H_-20℃＞1 km。     

多因素参与的3D特征点检测方法

针对现有3D特征点提取方法易造成边界点遗漏和尖锐点错判的问题,提出一种基于多因素参数的3D特征点检测方法.首先在3D特征点提取过程中,利用相邻投影法向夹角的大小提取边界点,以保证边界的完整性;其次针对点云尖锐点的提取,通过将k邻域中曲率权值、法向量夹角均值和距离均值用于定义特征点识别参数;然后根据曲率最大值和相邻点间的距离均值定义3D特征点识别阈值,并将识别参数与阈值进行比较而判定特征点;最后将所提出的方法分别与现有的基于曲率和法向量的3种方法进行实证分析比较,实验结果表明,基于多因素参与的3D特征点检测方法能够有效识别出点云尖锐点,并且能够保证边界点的完整性.     

播期对浚单20夏玉米生长状况及产量影响分析

通过对浚单20玉米新品种进行分期播种试验,研究不同播期对浚单20各个阶段生长状况及产量形成的影响.首先对各播期发育阶段持续日数进行差异性检验,结果表明,夏玉米全生育期日数随播期推迟而缩短.其次,分析了作物各发育期持续日数与各气象要素的关系:在一定的范围内,温度升高可以促进夏玉米生长,日照减少可加快夏玉米生育进程,不同生育阶段降水量对作物生长影响不同,其中抽雄-乳熟期降水量增加能缩短发育日数.然后,对比分析了播期对浚单20干物质及产量形成的影响:随着播期推迟,穗长有缩短趋势,单株籽粒重、百粒重、籽粒与茎秆比也随播期的推迟呈下降趋势;播期一平均实产达864.12g/m2,比播期二高74.56 g/m2,比播期三高128.33g/m2,在一定程度上说明浚单20适时早播,有助于产量提高.     

基于UGC文本挖掘的城市旅游客流网络结构研究——以西安市为例

旅游流是旅游地理学研究的一项重要命题,理解游客的空间流动特征对城市旅游的发展有重要意义。通过对穷游网UGC文本数据的挖掘,依托图论理论构建了一种可以同时保留旅游客流的有向性与加权性的流网络结构描述方法,并对西安市区域层面与节点层面的旅游客流网络结构进行研究。结果表明:(1)城市旅游的客流存在明显的网络结构特征,客流网络结构主要由区域(节点)的中心程度决定;(2)城市旅游客流结构与旅游主体功能分区高度耦合;(3)区域(节点)主体功能的时空属性也是影响旅游客流结构的一个重要因素;(4)通过对区域(节点)净外向程度的分析,可以得到其旅游“集”“散”功能的偏重,可为具体区域的旅游发展提供借鉴与启示。     

数字正射影像图制作方法的探讨

DOM是＂数字地球＂的重要信息源,具有信息丰富、直观逼真、获取快捷等优点,可作为地图分析背景控制信息,也可从中提取自然资源和社会经济发展的历史信息或最新信息,还可从中提取和派生新的信息,实现地图的修测更新。主要介绍利用高精度的DOM制作低精度的DOM的技术和方法。     

Secondary Production of Macrobenthos in Mangrove Area of Tong’an Bay,China

Studies on secondary production lead to a better understanding of the functions of the macrobenthic ecosystem．Based on the macrobenthic data obtained at 6 sampling stations from April 2006 to January 2007,Brey's(1990)empirical formula was applied to calculate the secondary production of macrobenthos in the mangrove area of Tong'an Bay.The results showed that the mean annual secondary production of macrobenthos was 13.24gAFDW.m-2·a-1 The mean secondary production in the mangrove habitat was 12.22gAFDW．m-2·a-1,lower than that in the non-mangrove habitat,which was 15.29gAFDW．m-2·a-1.Two possible reasons existed for this difference.First,mollusk and crustacean,which contribute more to the secondary production,probably benefit from longer inundation period in the non-mangrove habitat.Second,the higher organic matter in the mangrove habitat results in hypoxia in the bottom sediment,which may decrease the secondary production.The annual mean production-to-biomass(P/B)ratio in Tong'an Bay was 1.17,with a ratio of 1.27 in the mangrove habitat and 0.96 in the non-mangrove habitat,which was coincident with the much higher density of Limnodriloides sp.and Corophium sp.in the mangrove habitat than in the non-mangrove habitat.The maximum secondary production and P/B ratio of macrobenthos both appeared at sampling station FL2 in April,2006(namely April-FL2)with values of 31.38gAFDW.m-2·a-1 and 2.20,respectively.The macrobenthic secondary production in Tong'an Bay is lower than those in other intertidal studies except that in Haitan Strait,the reason being the different sediment properties.The P/B ratio in Tong'an Bay was the lowest due to the high proportion of crustaceans in the macrobenthic community．     

Distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in Beibu Gulf, South China Sea

This study aims to explore the distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf,a natural semi-enclosed part of the South China Sea,surrounded by China and Vietnam.Meiofauna and ten benthic environmental factors were determined at 27 sampling stations in the Beibu Gulf in four surveys during 2006-2007.The results show a clear geographical trend in meiofaunal abundance,water depth,salinity and clay content.The meiofaunal abundance and the clay content decreased,whereas the water depth and the salinity increased from the north to the south of the Gulf.The percentage of meiofaunal abundance in the 0-2 cm layer increased,whereas in the 2-5 cm and 5-10 cm layers it decreased from the north to the south of the Gulf.Correlation analysis show significant negative correlations between meiofaunal abundance and water depth,benthic temperature,salinity and pH,but significant positive correlations between meiofaunal abundance and dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll a and clay content.