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61.
湘黔地区震旦纪菌藻硅质岩特征及形成机理探讨 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
湘黔地区震旦纪菌藻硅质岩化学成分纯净,硅质矿物含量95%以上,几乎都为泥晶—微晶石英,石英结晶度平均为6.35。岩石具菌藻生物结构,以纹层状构造为主。其中丰富的菌藻生物化石,按形态可划分为三种类型。岩石属原生沉积成因,二氧化硅的聚沉一方面通过菌藻有机体的硅化作用,另一方面是菌藻生物化学作用引起微环境变化而导致二氧化硅的聚沉。 相似文献
62.
François Farges 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(8):463-481
Cr K-edge XANES spectra were obtained for a variety of Cr-bearing model compounds containing Cr(II), Cr(III), Cr(IV), Cr(V) and Cr(VI), in which the Cr-site symmetry is D4h, Oh and Td. The centroid position of the pre-edge feature is a better indicator of the Cr valence than the edge position. In Cr-rich oxides, higher-energy transitions must be excluded in order to refine a robust valence for Cr. The pre-edge for chromates is not unique and varies as a function of the CrO4 2? moiety distortion, which is often related to Cr-polymerization (monochromate vs. dichromate). Both the analogy with the Mn K-pre-edge information and ab initio FEFF calculations of the pre-edge feature for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) confirm the experimental trends. This methodology is applied to the Cr K-edge pre-edge feature collected in gems (emerald, spinel and ruby), the layered minerals fuchsite and kämmererite, two Cr-bearing aqueous solutions and a set of sodo-calcic silicate glasses used for bottling sparkling white wine. In emerald and fuchsite, the Cr-site is differently distorted than its ruby or spinel counterpart. In a Cr(III)-bearing aqueous solution and sodo-calcic glass, no evidence for Cr(III) with Td and C3v symmetry is detected. However, minor amounts of chromate moieties (most likely monomeric) are detected in a glass synthesized in air. Preliminary spectra for the wine bottle glass suggest that only trace amounts of chromates might possibly be present in these glasses. 相似文献
63.
Despite a recent increase in the number of vulnerability analyses there has been relatively little discussion of vulnerability
assessment of social–environment system, especially when they face multiple hazards. In this study, we developed an applicable
and convenient method to assess vulnerability of social–environment system at a regional scale. Vulnerability is quantified
by measuring three critical elements (i.e. hazards, sensitivity, and resilience) through some key variables. The results showed
that vulnerability is high in Miaofeng Mountain in Mengtougou District, the hills of Pinggu County and the riparian zones
of the lower courses of the Beiyun and Yongding Rivers; but low in the city of Beijing and the southwestern part of the Fangshan
District. Areas of very high, high, medium, and low-vulnerability account for 6.19, 25.48, 33.06, and 35.27% of the total
area, respectively. The degree of vulnerability decreases in a northwest direction in mountainous areas and declines from
watercourses to riparian zones along a lateral direction in the plain. Some adaptive strategies are also proposed. 相似文献
64.
饱和指数SI是反映水环境中矿物溶解/沉淀状态的重要参数,而水溶液中络合物的存在对SI值有很大的影响,因此正确计算络合物的含量,可提高水-岩作用SI模型的计算精度。依据化学热力学的基本理论,作者扩展了活度系数计算方程、优化了阀值的选取、并改进了输出结果。结合某工程实例,与传统算法做了比较,证明该模型的算法具有更好的稳定性和计算精度,结果亦与实际情况更相符。 相似文献
65.
Mark Anglin Harris 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(8):1517-1522
Several years (7) after incidental lithification by added gypsum, the effect of crushing and phyto-organics on some physical
properties of red mud wastes (RMW) was examined under laboratory conditions. It was hypothesized that mechanically breaking
up the hardened masses would increase their permeability. However, on the contrary, crushing these rock-hard masses into <2-mm
particles did not increase permeability. A phyto-organic treatment on the other hand greatly improved permeability of the
crushed entities such that infiltration rates increased from 0 to 10 cm/h. After 24 weeks of incubation, the structure of
the newly formed phyto-organically treated gypsum-hardened RMW aggregates was also substantially improved over that of the
controls, as a >3-fold increase in resistance to disintegration during wet sieving was exhibited by the phyto-organically
treated samples. The increase in water infiltration by combining crushing with phyto-organic applications was ascribed to
a decrease in particle dispersion, creating more stable clay clusters, which in turn stabilized channels and pores. Conversely,
it was concluded that the singular crushing of gypsum-hardened bauxite waste in the waste dumps is potentially wasteful and
ineffective. 相似文献
66.
“云南麻栗坡地区矿产远景调查”及与之匹配的“越北古陆北缘地质构造演化及其成矿效应研究”中,经实测剖面和填图扫面,以“岩石地层单位填图”的要义比照,测区晚寒武世及相涉延及早奥陶世早期的岩石地层单位序列宜为:唐家坝组\“大老堡组”\博菜田组。其中,“大老堡组”为新拟建增设单位,也导致相关临叠地层单位现在定义和分割界面的更新。介绍唐家坝组\“大老堡组”界线层型及其层型界面所反映的沉积环境转换面属性,上、下邻叠岩层联合构成的标志层组合,是融地层学、沉积学为一体“’的优化挟择。 相似文献
67.
68.
利用2006年南极威德尔海冬季科学考察期间由机载激光高度计测得的海冰上表面形态数据,以拖曳分割理论为基础研究了冰脊形拖曳力及其对冰-气总拖曳力的贡献以及中性条件下对应10 m高度处风速的冰-气拖曳系数Cdn(10)。结果显示,在密集冰区,冰脊形拖曳力及其对总拖曳力的贡献随冰脊强度(脊高/脊距)的增大呈递增趋势,而随粗糙长度的增大而减小,对应于威德尔海冬季典型冰脊强度和粗糙长度,占总拖曳力的35%,说明了冰脊形拖曳力在冰-气界面动量交换中的重要作用。Cdn(10)随冰脊强度的增大而增大,但冰脊强度较小时,Cdn(10)随粗糙长度增大而增大;而对较大的冰脊强度,Cdn(10)则随粗糙长度增大而减小。 相似文献
69.
内蒙西乌旗白音布拉格蛇绿岩地球化学特征 总被引:4,自引:5,他引:4
内蒙古西乌旗白音布拉格蛇绿岩带是新发现的内蒙古西乌旗迪彦庙蛇绿岩带的北带,主要由蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩、层状-块状辉长岩、斜长岩、枕状玄武岩、角斑岩-石英角斑岩及硅质岩等构造单元组成.白音布拉格蛇绿岩中的熔岩按照地球化学特征可以分为三组:第1组属于玻安岩系,以富Si(SiO2=52.71%、61.22%)、Mg(MgO=6.81%和10.88%)和贫Ti(TiO2 =0.49%、0.51%)、HREE及HFSE为特征;第2组具有低Ti(TiO2 =0.62%~0.78%)、高Mg(MgO =5.20% ~11.30%)的特征,LREE弱亏损、类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,但相对N-MORB,又具有富集LILE,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素的特征,类似岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAT);第3组表现为:岩石具有高Ti(TiO2=1.86%、1.91%)、高Mg(MgO=5.25%和5.46%)及高P(P2O5=0.23%、0.27%),LREE和HREE分异较为明显((La/Yb)N=2.32、2.53)等特征,类似OIB.根据玻安岩与IAT的存在,推测白音布拉格蛇绿岩产于岛弧和弧前环境. 相似文献
70.