广西沿海台风暴潮动力分析

本文在建立广西沿海台风暴潮数值模式的基础上,选取4个不同路径的台风暴潮过程,讨论了各水文、气象、地理因子对广西沿海台风暴潮的贡献,并将风应力效应增水与气压效应增水进行了对比分析。     

潮汐河口水沙资料整编原则探讨

本文分析了潮汐河口水沙资料的习用整编方法的合理性,指明其可能产生的误差与错误。提出了潮汐河口垂线平均流速与含沙量,单宽涨、落潮量与输沙量的统一整编原则及几个有关问题的处理方法,最后还提出了由实测流、沙资料估算断面涨、落潮量与输沙量的简易实用方法,并对其进行了初步的论证。     

南麂岛水资源环境调查与研究

本文利用１９９２年８月和１９９３年３月国家海洋局第二海洋研究所对南麂岛及其邻近海域的环境调查结果，采用尼梅罗（Ｎｅｍｅｒｏ）环境质量指数法和单因子指标评价法，参照有关标准，对南麂岛地表水和地下水资源进行了现状评价并做了预测。在对调查结果进行分析及查阅历史资料的基础上，对南麂岛的水资源生态环境保护提出了建议。     

Study on interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

The main processes of interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshiowater in the Huanghai Sea (HS) and East China Sea (ECS) are analyzed based on the observation and study results in recent years. These processes include the intrusion of the Kuroshio water into the shelf area of the ECS, the entrainment of the shelf water into the Kuroshio, the seasonal process in the southern shelf area of the ECS controlled alternatively by the Taiwan Strait water and the Kuroshio water intruding into the shelf area, the interaction between the Kuroshio branch water, shelf mixed water and modified coastal water in the northeastern ECS, the water-exchange between the HS and ECS and the spread of the Changjiang diluted water.     

The aerosol radiative effect on a severe haze episode in the Yangtze River Delta

Due to increased aerosol emissions and unfavorable weather conditions, severe haze events have occurred frequently in China in the last 10 years. In addition, the interaction between the boundary layer and the aerosol radiative effect may be another important factor in haze formation. To better understand the effect of this interaction, the aerosol radiative effect on a severe haze episode that took place in December 2013 was investigated by using two WRF-Chem model simulations with different aerosol configurations. The results showed that the maximal reduction of regional average surface shortwave radiation, latent heat, and sensible heat during this event were 88, 12, and 37 W m^–2, respectively. The planetary boundary layer height, daytime temperature, and wind speed dropped by 276 m, 1°C, and 0.33 m s^–1, respectively. The ventilation coefficient dropped by 8%–24% for in the central and northwestern Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The upper level of the atmosphere was warmed and the lower level was cooled, which stabilized the stratification. In a word, the dispersion ability of the atmosphere was weakened due to the aerosol radiative feedback. Additional results showed that the PM_2.5 concentration in the central and northwestern YRD increased by 6–18 μg m^–3, which is less than 15% of the average PM_2.5 concentration during the severely polluted period in this area. The vertical profile showed that the PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations increased below 950 hPa, with a maximum increase of 7 and 8 μg m^–3, respectively. Concentrations reduced between 950 and 800 hPa, however, with a maximum reduction of 3.5 and 4.5 μg m^–3, respectively. Generally, the aerosol radiative effect aggravated the level of pollution, but the effect was limited, and this haze event was mainly caused by the stagnant meteorological conditions. The interaction between the boundary layer and the aerosol radiative effect may have been less important than the large-scale static weather conditions for the formation of this haze episode.     

云南沿边地区县域经济的空间格局演化分析

基于云南沿边地区56个县域单元1993,2002,2009,2015年人均GDP数据,运用ESDA-GIS方法分析沿边地区县域经济的空间演化格局,并探讨其驱动因素。结果表明:云南沿边地区县域经济发展和区域经济增长存在正的空间自相关,但相关性相对较弱。1993年以来,县域经济整体格局变动不大,经济热点区域始终处于弥勒、建水、蒙自等县市,冷点区域则始终处于广南、麻栗坡、绿春等县域;而经济增长格局则表现出明显的空间演化和跃迁特征。整体上看,云南沿边县域经济的空间差异较大,由随机成分造成空间异质性也逐渐增强,且东—西方向上县域经济差异有进一步扩大趋势。资源禀赋、地理区位以及区域发展政策是县域经济空间格局演化的主要驱动力。     

Variations of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) treated by two different methods for snow-pit samples on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their implications

Although previous investigations of the trace elements in snow and ice from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau obtained interesting information about pollution from human activities on the plateau, most were based on traditional acidification methods. To emphasize the influence of the different sample-preparation methods on the records of trace elements and rare earth elements, snow samples were collected from glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China and prepared using two methods: traditional acidification and total digestion. Concentrations of 18 trace elements (Al, Ti, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, V, Cr, Mn, Li, Cu, Co, Mo, Cs, Sb, Pb, Tl, and U), along with 14 rare earth elements (REEs: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), Y, and Th in the snow samples, were measured using inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). The results showed that the mass fraction of the trace elements (defined as ratio of concentration in the acid-leachable fraction to that in the digested sample) such as Mo, Ti, Al, Rb, and V, varied from 0.06 to 0.5. The mass fraction of other trace elements varied from about 0.6 to more than 0.9; those of the REEs, Y, and Th varied from 0.34 to 0.75. Lower mass fractions will lead to an overestimated contribution of other sources, especially human activities, and the underestimated fluxes of these trace elements (especially REEs, Y, and Th, as well as dust) if the REEs are used as the proxy for the crust dust. The two sample-preparation methods exhibited different REE normalized distribution patterns, REE ratios, and provenance-tracing results. The REE normalized distribution patterns and proxies in the digested samples are more reliable and integrated than those found in traditional acidification method for dust-provenance tracing.     

花岗岩—H2O—HF体系相关系及氟对花岗质熔体结构的影响

通过在0.1GPa压力下钠长花岗岩-H₂O-HF体系相关系实验获得,随体系F含量的增加,石英的温度稳定域上限升高,长石的温度稳定域上限降低;石英、碱性长石的晶-液平衡热力学计算表明,F导致花岗质熔体中组分SiO₂的活度增加,组分NaAlSi₃O₈和KAlSi₃O₈的活度减小,且NaAlSi₃O₈活度较KAlSi₃O₈活度减小幅度大。这些结果显示了F在花岗质熔体中与Si以外的阳离子Al、Na、K等产生了结合,且F与Na结合的优先性大于K,破坏了具有电荷平衡离子Na、K的AlO₂^-四面体,使熔体架状网格中Si/(Si+Al)和K/Na比值增大。通过F与H₂O对花岗岩体系相平衡的影响比较,作者认为F不与Si结合是它与OH^-在干扰熔体结构方面的最大区别。     

宁波及其邻近海域沉积物释放耗氧有机物（COD）的初步研究

本文通过对城市污水纳污海区沉积物样品释放有机物的研究，初步揭示了沉积物释放耗氧有机物（ＣＯＤ）的一般规律。研究表明宁波海域沉积物释放ＣＯＤ的范围在０．１５×１０－３～０．８０×１０－３之间，释放速率平均为１０３．９ｍｇ／（ｍ２．ｄ）；舟山沈家门附近海域沉积物释放ＣＯＤ速率平均为２５３．１ｍｇ（ｍ２·ｄ）。沉积物释放ＣＯＤ的量与沉积物中有机质的含量成正比，而其释放速率与沉积物有机质的含量关系不大。     

中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)蛋白酶的纯化及其生化特性研究

采用Tris-HCl缓冲液(50mmol/L,pH7.5)抽提、Q-sepharose F.F.阴离子交换层析、Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤层析、SDS-PAGE等方法,进行中华管鞭虾虾头蛋白酶的分离纯化、酶学性质及其动力学特性的研究。结果表明,中华管鞭虾虾头蛋白酶粗提物经层析后,得到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯的一酶组分。该蛋白酶的比活力从359.39U/mg增加到8277.83U/mg,提高了23.03倍,回收率达37.69%,SDS-PAGE显示该蛋白酶只含一条谱带,相对分子量为24.50kDa。以偶氮酪蛋白作为底物,该酶的米氏常数Km值为0.28mg/ml,最适温度为55℃,最适pH为7.5;蛋白酶在60℃以下比较稳定,放置1h后活性仍保持在60%以上,而在60℃以上时蛋白酶活性急剧下降,80℃放置1h后,酶活性只残留21.32%。10mmol/L Cu2 、Zn2 和EDTA对该蛋白酶有较强的抑制作用,抑制率分别约为97%、96%和55%,10mmol/LMg2 能显著促进蛋白酶活性,而10mmol/LFe2 、Ba2 、Ca2 对蛋白酶活性的影响不大。推测中华管鞭虾蛋白酶可能为一种金属蛋白酶。