用吴氏网法推求震源地方柯氏力的方向

本文研究讨论了吴尔夫网（吴氏网）求解地震断层错动时产生的柯里奥利力（简称柯氏力）的方向及其在断层面法线、倾斜方向和走向上分量问题。在空间上用数学方法直接处理柯氏力的方向及分量比较繁琐复杂，且难于表示，而用吴氏网作为工具处理这些问题时就显得快速简便，诸要素都集中于一图上，空间直观性很强。文中还以唐山大地震为例实际处理了唐山地震断层两盘产生的柯氏力方向及在断层面上的各分量方向。     

略阳县农居房屋抗震现状调查与评价研究

为精准识别贫困山区农居房屋结构现状完好程度,本文开展略阳县境内41894栋农居房屋抗震现状实地调查,搜集整理域内孕灾环境和致灾因子强度,统计分析域内各行政镇（办）经济水平、农居房屋抗震结构类型和震害等级,预测震害矩阵,计算平均震害指数,并评价抗震能力。研究结果表明：域内农居房屋抗震结构类型包括土木结构、砖木结构和砖混结构;域内农居房屋在VI度地震作用下基本完好的比例为74.04%,在VII度地震作用下发生轻微破坏以下震害等级的比例为83.45%,在VIII度地震作用下发生中等破坏以下震害等级的比例为85.46%;域内农居房屋在地震烈度为VI、VII、VIII、IX、X度时的平均震害指数分别为0.13、0.23、0.32、0.49、0.71,抗震性能较差,不满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标。     

Dynamic stress concentration of an elliptical cavity in a semi-elliptical hill under SH-waves

The method of wave-function expansion in elliptical coordinates,elliptical cosine half-range expansion and Mathieu function were applied to obtain an exact analytical solution of the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF)around an elliptical cavity in a shallow,semi-elliptical hill.An infinite system of simultaneous linear equations for solving this problem was established by substituting the wave expression obtained by the Mathieu function including the standing wave expression of elliptical lining given herein into the boundary condition obtained by the region-matching method.The finite equations system with unknown coefficients obtained by truncation were solved numerically,and the results in the case of an ellipse degenerating into a circle were compared with previous results to verify the accuracy of the method.The effects of different aspect ratios,incident wave angles and aperture ratios on the dynamic stress concentration around the elliptical cavity were described.Some numerical results,when the elliptical hill was changed into a circular one,were analyzed and compared in detail.In engineering,this model can be regarded as a semi-cylindrical hill with an elliptical cylindrical unlined tunnel under the action of SH waves,and the results are significant in aseismic design.     

丽江7.0级地震地下流体异常特征

通过对１９９６年２月３日云南丽江Ｍｓ７．０地震前震中周围水位、水氡、水汞、泉点宏观等地下流体共７１个台项观测资料的异常及综合特征分析，初步认为震前异常数量较多，异常时间分布具有整体性、同步性、集中性的特点，但异常主要集中在短期阶段，临震异常不突出；突间分布具有集中性和非均匀性，孕震区至远场影响区的异常比例最高，震源区内为相对“盲区”，且突出而肯定的宏观异常极少；异常的时空演变特征复杂，总体没有规律     

应用神经网络建立加速度峰值衰减规律

在假定了加速度峰值衰减规律的形式后，本采用人工神经网络拟合实际加速度峰值观测资料来求取方程中的待定系数。为加速神经网络的训练，本设计了基于ＢＰ学习算法的目标分段网络训练法。     

有毒铜绿微囊藻对鱼和溞的毒性

用有毒铜绿微囊藻细胞及其从毒细胞中提取的毒素喂养和腹腔注射鱼类，结果表明：（1）微囊藻毒素MCYST－LR对所有实验过的鱼有毒害作用（LD_(50)为110－500μg／kg）．注射毒素24h后，鱼肝电镜超微结构观察均表现出肝损伤．（2）在受控条件下，当用有毒铜绿微囊藻作为食物喂养日鲢和罗非鱼时，鱼类能在以毒藻为唯一食物的环境中生活20d以上．白鲢和罗非鱼粪便的毒性比喂食藻类的毒性分别降低约2—4．5倍，其肝的超微结构现察仍有轻度损伤．（3）在培养液中加入15μg／mLMCYST－LR和用实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻作为食物培养枝角类时，均可使它们在48h死亡．以无毒微囊藻培养时则生长不良亦不怀卵，表明它不是枝角类合适的食物．     

东北地区近震震级研究

实际观测表明,用现行短周期仪器起算函数Ｒ１测算的近震震级ＭＬ在近距离地段数值偏低,在远距离地段偏高,随震中距出现系统偏差。本文以里克特（１９３５）零震级地震定义为震级水平控制原则,应用了辽,吉,黑,冀四省地震台网的观测资料,制定出东北地区近震震级起算函数系统。     

Preliminary Study on Horizontal Deformation and Tectonic Activity in the Northern Part of North China Using GPS Remeasurement Results

In this paper, the baseline variation and displacement vector was analyzed using the calculated results of GPS measurements carried out from 1995 to 1996 in North China. Based on these analytical results, we studied the recent tectonic activity. In general, the regional extension is dominant in the direction of proximately EW, but there is a difference in the SN direction. Extension is significant in the Shanxi fault-depression zone and Bohai region, while compression with strike-slip is characterized along the Yishui-Tancheng segment of the Tanlu fault zone. The baseline shortening zone is distributed along the Baotou-Zhangjiakou-Ninghe areas. It is a boundary zone of regional variation where many differences of crustal horizontal deformation are discovered between the southern part and the northern part of this zone. The baseline shortening zone in NE direction is distributed along the Jianchang-Tangshan-Gucheng area. It is consistent with the Tangshan-Xingtai seismic zone which indicates that tectoni     

唐山大震前后震区构造应力场的光弹性模拟实验

本文根据唐山震区的地质构造模拟制作光弹模型,以N60°E方向加压进行唐山震前应力场的光弹性模拟实验。用打孔的方法模拟强震的应力释放。实验结果表明:1.在N60°E方向压缩时,唐山—丰南一带、滦县、野鸡坨和卢龙等地区是最大剪应力集中区,与唐山7.8级、滦县7.1级地震及强余震的震中分布基本吻合。说明唐山大震及余震的发生是近东西向压应力场作用的结果。2.当唐山7.8级地震应力释放后,震前具有高应力背景值的其它地区,应力进一步加强。说明唐山地震的发生导致了应力场的重新调整,增强了强余震发震的动力条件。3.实验结果证明,在断裂带两侧、端部或几条断裂的复合部位,其主应力方向与区域应力场的总体方向比较,大致有10°～25°的偏转。强震的应力释放导致震中区附近的主应力方向与震前相比也发生约10°～20°的偏差。     

1984年元月6日旦马(M=5.5)级地震前重力固体潮的异常形态

重力预报地震的数据虽有多种,但它们的物理实质是一样的。因此,我们日常工作中只使用日均值和潮汐因子δ值。日均值能反映震前地壳的快速蠕滑过程,δ值反映了震前趋势的变化。我们将日均值作为短临预报指标,将δ值作为中长期预报指标。