New insights into marine hydrocarbon geological conditions in the South Yellow Sea Basin: evidence from borehole CSDP-2

The South Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) has multiple sets of proven source rocks and good hydrocarbon prospects,but no industrial oil and gas has been explored at present.To solve this puzzle for petroleum geologists,we systematically investigated the marine hydrocarbon geological conditions based on cores and testing data from borehole CSDP-2,the first exploration well with continuous coring in SYSB.The qualities of source rocks are evaluated in detail according to organic matter abundance,type,and maturity.The reservoir characterization mainly includes porosity,permeability,and reservoir space.Displacement pressure test and stratum thickness are the main foundations for defining the caprocks.Then,the oil-source rock correlation in the Permian and stratum model are analyzed to determine the favorable source-reservoir-caprock assemblages.The results show that three sets of effective source rocks(the Lower Triassic,Upper Permian,and Lower Permian),two sets of tight sandstone re servoirs(the Upper Permian and Lower Silurian-Upper Devonian),and two sets of caprocks(the Lower Triassic and Carboniferous) combine to constitute the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming as se mblages of "lower-ge neration and upper-accumlation" and "self-generation and self-accumlation",thus laying a solid foundation for promising petroleum prospects.The three sets of marine source rocks are characterized by successive generation and expulsion stages,which guarantees multistage hydrocarbon accumulation.Another three sets of continental source rocks distributed across the Middle Jurassic,Upper Cretaceous,and Paleogene depression areas,especially in the Northern Depression,may supplement some hydrocarbons for the Central Uplift through faults and the Indosinian unconformity.The favorable Permian exploration strata have been identified in the Central Uplift of SYSB.First,the Lower Permian and Upper Permian source rocks with high organic matter abundance and high thermal maturity supply sufficient hydrocarbons.Secondly,the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones in the Upper Permian strata ensures that hydrocarbons have been migrated into the nearby Upper Permian sandstones,reflecting near-source hydrocarbon accumulation.Finally,the good sealing property of the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation caprocks plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon preservation of the Permian reservoirs.This conclusion is supported by direct oil shows,gas logging anomalous layers,and hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions.     

Assimilation of Ocean Surface Wind Data by the HY-2B Satellite in GRAPES: Impacts on Analyses and Forecasts

The ocean surface wind(OSW) data retrieved from microwave scatterometers have high spatial accuracy and represent the only wind data assimilated by global numerical models on the ocean surface, thus playing an important role in improving the forecast skills of global medium-range weather prediction models. To improve the forecast skills of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System Global Forecast System(GRAPES＿GFS), the HY-2B OSW data is assimilated into the GRAPES＿GFS four-dimensio...     

Effects of an artificial reef system on demersal nekton assemblages in Xiangshan Bay,China

In 2012, an artificial reef system was deployed in Xiangshan Bay, China, to enhance its fishery resources. To determine the effect of the artificial reef system on the demersal nekton assemblages, a beforeafter- control-impact study design was applied. Comparisons of assemblages from impact and control habitats revealed that the assemblage in the impact area had a gradual response to reef deployment. The assemblages in the impact and control areas changed in different ways after reef deployment. During the study period, total biomass, species richness and average body weight in the control area remained relatively stable, whereas there were significant increases in these indicators in the impact area. Responses to the reefs differed among nekton species, inducing assemblage succession in the reefs post-deployment. Sparus macrocephalus and Cynoglossus abbreviatus benefited most from reef deployment. Conversely, smallsized shrimp Palaemon gravieri showed a progressive decrease in biomass following reef deployment. Overall, the artificial reef system diversified the demersal nekton assemblage, enhanced the total biomass, and increased the proportion of large-sized species.     

东南沿海前汛期降水极值变化特征及归因分析

选取东南沿海五省(市)(上海,浙江,福建,广东和海南)79个站点1960-2012年前汛期(4-6月)的降水极值序列,将广义可加模型(GAMLSS)引入非平稳降水频率分析中,分析了降水极值的变化特征;运用主成分分析法分别构建综合气候指数和以温室气体排放量为代表的人类活动指数,同时考虑两类指数对降水极值序列变化特征的影响,运用贡献分析法和GAMLSS模型分析了气候因子和人类活动因子对降水极值变化的影响机制.结果表明:① 东南沿海降水极值增加趋势显著,变异性明显增强的区域主要集中在浙江东北部,广东中北部和西部沿海,福建东部等地区;② 人类活动的加剧与降水极值的变化显著相关,尤其在社会经济发达地区,在社会经济快速发展阶段(1986-2012年)人类活动对极端降水的贡献要明显大于发展缓慢阶段(1960-1985年),浙江和广东两省尤为突出;③ 浙江省东北部,福建省大部,广东西部沿海以及中北部地区是极端降水的高风险区,需加强对极端降水及其次生灾害的风险防范.     

南黄海盆地中部隆起CSDP-2井志留系-石炭系岩石学特征及其沉积相

目前,大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井是南黄海盆地中部隆起上的唯一深钻,是揭示南黄海中-古生界海相地层时代,恢复其沉积环境和构造运动的基准井。本文针对该井开展岩心描述并进行薄片观察,结合测井数据、古生物化石等资料,将志留系-石炭系划分为下志留统高家边组、侯家塘组、坟头组,上泥盆统五通组,下石炭统高骊山组、和州组,上石炭统黄龙组、船山组。其中,志留系沉积了一套浅海陆棚相的细碎屑岩,沉积物以浅海-滨海相砂泥岩为主;泥盆系五通组同样为碎屑岩沉积,稳定的石英砂岩和紫红色泥岩并存,下部为潮坪相,上部则为三角洲相;而石炭系发育台坪、泻湖、颗粒滩等碳酸盐岩台地亚相,岩性以生屑灰岩和泥晶灰岩为主。区域地层对比表明,南黄海盆地中-古生界海相地层是下扬子区由陆域向海域的延伸,其志留系-石炭系岩性序列与下扬子陆域基本一致。     

用激光干涉仪进行形变仪器灵敏度的测试

对水管倾斜仪、垂直摆倾斜仪和伸缩仪的灵敏度测试方法进行了研究,并将激光干涉技术应用于灵敏度测试,不仅提高了测试精度,而且测试结果也可与国家计量标准溯源.     

海洋灾害抵御与捕捞养殖管控的路径选择与科技策略

高效利用中国现有的海洋科技能力,针对海洋灾害与捕捞养殖管控现状及局限,以灾害抵御与捕捞管控为重点,探索中国海洋可持续发展新路径,对中国抓住国际海洋发展机遇,积极参与全球海洋生态治理行动具有重要的理论和现实意义。文章结合全球及中国的海洋灾害、捕捞养殖等历史数据,依据全球及中国发布各种海洋资源发展计划、宣言、决议等政策措施,在对全球及中国海洋生态治理进展、海洋灾害抵御与管控现状与背景进行全面论述的基础上,揭示了海洋灾害防御与捕捞管控存在的问题,并从系统研究、科技转化和国际合作等方面提出了科学发展战略和对策建议。     

中国海洋卫星遥感应用进展

我国海洋遥感应用自20世纪70年代起步以来,取得了长足发展,构建了覆盖海洋水色、海洋动力和海洋监视监测的三大系列海洋卫星,并初步形成了具有优势互补的卫星海洋遥感业务化应用体系。本文回顾了我国海洋卫星遥感应用取得的重要进展,重点介绍了卫星遥感在海洋环境与资源监测、海洋灾害监测、海洋权益维护、海洋环境预报与安全保障等方面所构建的典型应用示范系统,以及开展的典型业务化监测应用。最后,文章对我国海洋卫星遥感应用下一步发展进行了展望分析。     

中国空间辐射测量基准技术

为确保数据的定量化应用,国际航天遥感大国始终围绕定标技术开展研究,定标精度不断提高。在经历数十年发展之后,受传统的遥感载荷定标系统设计以及地面辐射校正技术理论极限的制约,目前遥感卫星辐射定标停留在太阳反射谱段2%,红外谱段0.2 K的不确定性水平,其精度难以继续提高。进入21世纪,气候变化问题成为全球关注的热点,全球气候变化研究对遥感卫星辐射测量精度提出了前所未有的要求。ASIC³（Achieving Satellite Instrument Calibration for Climate Change）报告指出,为了有效检测全球气候变化信号,准确预测气候变化,遥感卫星观测必须长期保持在太阳反射谱段0.3%、红外谱段0.1 K,太阳总辐射0.01%的不确定性水平。为了迎接这一挑战,欧洲和美国相继提出了CLARREO计划和TRUTHS计划,试图通过发射具有超高辐射测量精度的基准卫星,在监测气候变化信号的同时,标定其他遥感卫星,提升全球遥感卫星整体定标精度。同期,中国也提出了空间辐射测量基准技术的概念,并在“十二五”和“十三五”,通过国家高技术研究发展计划和国家重点研发计划持续支持星上相变固定点黑体、空间低温辐射计等尖端技术的研发,进而逐渐形成发射空间辐射测量基准卫星的路线图。从目前发展态势上看,中国有可能成为第一个建立空间辐射测量基准的国家,率先实现卫星平台辐射观测直接向国际单位（SI）的溯源。     

东海陆架盆地北部新构造运动特征

根据最新单道地震剖面及解释成果,分析了东海陆架盆地北部新构造运动特征。研究表明:研究区新构造期差异升降运动明显,从中新世到第四纪,沉降中心自西向东迁移;研究区活动断裂以NE—NNE和近EW向为主,新构造期的活动性自西向东逐渐变新;研究区新构造期岩浆活动频繁,多沿断裂分布,大致可划分为3期,平面上自西向东逐渐变新,且侵入活动逐渐减弱,喷发活动逐渐增强。