滇西耿马盆地构造—沉积综合分析

滇西耿马盆地位于三江褶皱系保山褶皱带的耿马—澜沧复背斜,面积１９５ｋｍ２,接受广泛的河湖相沉积,为典型的第三系小型陆相盆地。盆地内沉积受构造控制明显,沿边界断层主要发育冲积扇、近岸水下扇沉积,远离断层发育深湖相或半深湖相沉积。耿马盆地的构造样式与沉积展布在滇西具有极好的代表性,故从构造－沉积相互作用角度对其分析,对于指导滇西其他第三系盆地的勘探有重要意义。     

七参数坐标转换中一种削弱高程误差影响的新方法

在较大区域中,利用七参数法实现二维坐标至三维坐标转换时,高程精度影响坐标转换精度。本文提出了一种新方法,可解决七参数坐标转换中高程精度影响平面坐标精度的问题。该方法在无高程情况下,对4°×8°的大区域可实现1 cm左右的转换精度。同时,通过真实测量数据和模拟数据阐明了新方法的可行性和适用范围。     

南沙群岛新生沙洲变迁模式定量监测方法研究

由珊瑚礁碎屑和生物碎屑组成的沙洲是南沙群岛的一类常见的岛礁。虽然这类沙洲在海洋战略和海洋经济中扮演着重要的角色,但是我们仍然对其知之甚少,尤其是对于一些新生沙洲更是连基本资料都十分匮乏。本研究中我们利用一系列QuickBird和WorldView-2数据,在2006年7月至2013年8月期间对南薰礁上一处新生沙洲进行了连续卫星遥感监测。根据这些资料我们对沙洲移动距离和海风观测资料进行了回归分析以确定沙洲的变迁模式。沙洲移动距离是通过NDWI提取沙得到的,海风数据则是从NOAA网站下载并整理而来。基于线性回归结果,我们得出以下结论:该沙洲的移动与东风、西风和北风明显相关,其中东风是沙洲移动的主要影响因素,其影响能力几乎是西风和北风的两倍。而南风由于被沙洲南部的人工建筑阻挡,对该沙洲的移动几乎没有影响。     

中国海洋卫星雷达高度计海上定标场建设初探

文章通过对卫星雷达高度计定标方法和定标内容的描述,跟踪调研国际上业务化的高度计定标场的配置和定标结果,提出我国海洋卫星高度计定标场建设基本思路,同时对定标场周边海区影响高度计定标的地球物理参数和水文气象参数进行初步分析,确定我国海上定标场的基本配置方案,将为我国海洋卫星雷达高度计海上定标场建设提供基本依据和参考。     

Study on dynamic response of saturated soft clay under the subway vibration loading I: instantaneous dynamic response

In this paper, the results of the instantaneous dynamic response of saturated soft clay under the subway vibration loading are presented. Based on the assumption of soil as viscoelastic medium, wave equation under forced vibration of three-dimensional anisotropy is derived, and time–space domain semi-analytical solution is given through Laplace and Fourier transform and their inverse transform using MATALB. Taking Shanghai metro line No. 2 for example, the dynamic monitoring is conducted with embedded earth pressure gauges and pore piezometers around the tunnel, and the horizontal response amplitude of dynamic stress of soil around the tunnel is calculated by the method presented in this paper with the laboratory Global Digital System test apparatus to determine the related calculation parameters. Then, a comparative analysis is made between calculation result and continuous field monitored data, and it is found that the attenuation trend of the two cases agree well with each other both in the horizontal and vertical direction, which indicates that the method presented in this study is reasonable.     

全极化合成孔径雷达近岸风场反演研究

Coastal winds are strongly influenced by topology and discontinuity between land and sea surfaces. Wind assessment from remote sensing in such a complex area remains a challenge. Space-borne scatterometer does not provide any information about the coastal wind field, as the coarse spatial resolution hampers the radar backscattering. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with a high spatial resolution and all-weather observation abilities has become one of the most important tools for ocean wind retrieval, especially in the coastal area. Conventional methods of wind field retrieval from SAR, however, require wind direction as initial information, such as the wind direction from numerical weather prediction models （NWP）, which may not match the time of SAR image acquiring. Fortunately, the polarimetric observations of SAR enable independent wind retrieval from SAR images alone. In order to accurately measure coastal wind fields, this paper proposes a new method of using co-polarization backscattering coefficients from polarimetric SAR observations up to polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients, which are acquired from the conjugate product of co-polarization backscatter and cross-polarization backscatter. Co-polarization backscattering coefficients and polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients are obtained form Radarsat-2 single-look complex （SLC） data.The maximum likelihood estimation is used to gain the initial results followed by the coarse spatial filtering and fine spatial filtering. Wind direction accuracy of the final inversion results is 10.67 with a wind speed accuracy of 0.32 m/s. Unlike previous methods, the methods described in this article utilize the SAR data itself to obtain the wind vectors and do not need external wind directional information. High spatial resolution and high accuracy are the most important features of the method described herein since the use of full polarimetric observations contains more information about the space measured.This article is a useful addition to the work of independent SAR wind retrieval. The experimental results herein show that it is feasible to employ the co-polarimetric backscattering coefficients and the polarimetric correlation backscattering coefficients for coastal wind field retrieval.     

地震台站绩效管理探析

随着我国事业单位管理制度改革的不断深入,绩效管理备受广泛重视,地震台站作为我国典型的公益性事业单位,绩效考核管理工作也将逐步提到议事日程。本文结合地震台站的工作性质和特点,介绍了地震台站当前绩效考核工作的现状,提出了改善绩效管理的思路和设想,并着重分析了本行业在绩效考核过程中要注意的几个问题。     

Improvement and application of a saturation based wave dissipation function in SWAN model

Wave dissipation characteristics in SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) model are investigated through numerical experiments. It is found that neither the fully developed integral parameters of wind waves (significant wave height and peak frequency) nor the high frequency spectral tail can be well reproduced by the default wave dissipation source terms. A new spectral dissipation source term is proposed, which comprises saturation based dissipation above two times of peak frequency and improved whitecapping dissipation at lower frequency spectrum. The reciprocal wave age (u /c p ) is involved into the whitecapping model to adjust dissipation rate at different wind speed. The Phillips higher frequency saturation parameter in the saturation-based dissipation is no longer taken as a constant, but varies with wave age. Numerical validations demonstrate that both the wind wave generation process and higher frequency spectrum of wind waves can be well simulated by the new wave dissipation term.     

GPS变形监测中提取大变形量的单历元解算方法研究

提出一种综合利用宽巷组合观测值与L₁观测值提取测站大变形量的GPS单历元变形监测方法。充分利用变形监测点已知以及模糊度之间的线性相关性等特点,通过ARCE算法对测站先验坐标计算出的部分宽巷模糊度进行±1周的搜索,正确固定所有宽巷模糊度后提取监测点粗略变形量,再利用L₁观测值进一步提取剩余变形量。通过实例验证,本方法有效、可靠,在变形量较大的情况下能取得很好的效果。     

谱分解在南黄海中部隆起中-古生界储层预测中的应用

大陆架科学钻探CSDP-02井的钻探,开启了南黄海中-古生界研究的新局面。本文利用过CSDP-02井的多道地震、测井和岩心资料,在对中部隆起中-古生界地层频谱分析的基础上,采用基于S变换的谱分解方法,对南黄海中部隆起中-古生界地层进行了谱分解,将地震数据由时间域转换到频率域,得到了不同频率的等频率剖面。结果表明,南黄海中部隆起存在3套可能的储集层,分别对应三叠系青龙组灰岩、二叠系龙潭组砂岩和石炭系灰岩,在等频率剖面上,均表现为明显的低频异常,频谱特征呈现低频高能、高频低能的特征,在高频剖面上,储层异常被浅层高频异常掩盖。通过与CSDP-02井的岩心和测井结果进行对比发现,3套储集层的频率衰减现象与岩心取样中的油浸层相关,这是我国首次在南黄海中-古生界发现油气显示,对指导南黄海中-古生界油气勘探具有重要意义。