Progress in Danube Loess and Paleoenvironment Study

Danube loess, located at the westernmost part of the widespread Eurasian loess belt, is one of the most well-preserved aeolian dust deposits in Europe with the basal age dating back over 1 Ma. Owing to its unique location and formation processes, Danube loess plays an important role in understanding the linkage of climate changes in different climate regimes over Eurasian continent and paleoclimatic changes in middle-high northern latitudes. Major research advances of the Danube loess, including compositions, provenance, chronology, stratigraphy and paleoenvironment changes were systematically reviewed and the focuses of future research were suggested. To better understand loess provenance, the compositions of sediments in all the potential source areas should be investigated, and methodological study of provenance indicators and application of multi-proxies approaches need to be carried out. Chronologically and stratigraphically, feldspar luminescence dating and tephrochronology methods should be widely used, and the establishment of a uniform stratigraphic framework and correlation scheme should be constrained by precise chronology. In terms of the paleoenvironment, it is necessary to conduct high-resolution multi-proxies reconstruction of paleoenviroment for the entire loess-paleosol sequence, extending from the last interglacial period (130 ka to present) to interval of last 1 Ma. The future progress in Danube loess is crucial to improving the study of continental paleoclimate comparison and paleoclimate dynamics over the Eurasian loess region.     

“7·22”云南盐津地震房屋震害分析

本文根据地震现场的考查情况,介绍了2006年7月22日云南盐津5.1级地震的灾害概况,归纳和分析了灾区生土墙结构、石结构、钢筋混凝土框架结构和木构架结构房屋的震害特征及其破坏原因,并对我国村镇房屋的防震减灾研究提出了若干建议。     

黄土高原和南海陆架古季风演变的生物记录与Heinrich事件

宝鸡黄土中0.15Ma以来植物硅酸体研究表明,年均温度、1月份和年均降水量的变化与深海氧同位素变化有很好的一致性,而7月份降水量的变化与印度洋反映季风强弱的粒度变化相类似。南海陆架孢粉研究发现,14700-13900aB.P.和22900一20600aB.P.气候变冷期与北大西洋沉积物中H1、H2变冷事件存在成因上的联系。全球冰量通过冬季风等因素在“轨道尺度”上可能影响了夏季风对特定地区的控制时间,从而控制了黄土区气候的年均状况,但没有影响夏季风固有的变化周期和振幅。由低纬夏季太阳辐射控制的夏季风以其准20000a周期叠加在冬季风所具有的准0.1Ma周期上。冬、夏季风的演化行为具有较强的相对独立性,冬、夏季风同时减弱或增强的情况是存在的。Heinrich事件在东亚地区不仅影响了冬季风而且影响了夏季风。     

北秦岭西段早侏罗世A型花岗岩及其地质意义

本文通过岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U?Pb定年和Lu?Hf同位素组成分析等方法,对出露于北秦岭西段宝鸡岩体王家山一带的黑云母花岗岩和其中的包体进行了研究。结果表明,该花岗岩形成时代为187±2 Ma,属于高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列岩石,富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素以及Nb、Zr和Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr和Eu,具有高的全岩锆石饱和温度(825℃~838℃),显示A型花岗岩特征,形成于造山后的板内环境,可能为秦岭岩群副变质岩与安山质岩石部分熔融的产物。暗色包体显示塑性流变特征,具有岩浆结构,发育针状磷灰石和具有复杂成分环带的更长环斑结构长石,是幔源岩浆注入酸性岩浆发生混合作用的产物,形成时代为191±2 Ma,其锆石Hf同位素组成变化范围较大,εHf(t)值介于-11.26~-2.51,主要为富集地幔部分熔融产物。综合本文及前人已有研究结果,认为~190 Ma的早侏罗世早期秦岭地区早中生代碰撞造山过程已经结束,区域开始逐渐进入板内伸展构造演化阶段。     

A morphological investigation of marine transgression in estuaries

The landscape setting of estuaries varies widely and is an important aspect of determining how they evolve. This paper focusses on alluvial estuaries in river valleys and how they respond to sea level rise. We examine the implications of marine transgression, as a response to sea level rise, where the estuary moves upwards and landwards to maintain its position in the tidal frame (so-called stratigraphic rollover). Here we encapsulate such kinematic movement of the estuary morphology using a ‘morphokinematic’ model, to assess the potential response to sea level rise and sediment supply. The model of the estuary form includes a single convergent channel, intertidal and surrounding floodplains (the valley) and allows the relative importance of the space available for deposition of sediments, the accommodation space, to be investigated as a function of rates of sea level rise and sediment supply. The transgression of the system is determined using a sediment mass balance, taking account of any supply from the river and marine environment. Model results confirm that the transgression distance, measured as the distance the entity moves landward, varies in proportion to the change in accommodation space, which mainly depends on the floodplain area. As the size of the floodplain reduces, the transgression distance is less and the system becomes much more sensitive to changes in the rate of sea level rise or changes in sediment supply. The greater demand for sediment when a floodplain is present results in greater cannibalization of the estuary form (i.e. greater landward movement) to meet the sediment demand. When the floodplain is disconnected from the estuary, the synergistic relationship is lost and the accommodation space increases. The capacity for restoration will depend on the availability of sediment and the prevailing rate of sea level rise.     

承德地震前兆台网数据跟踪分析

简要介绍承德地震前兆台网2014—2017年数据跟踪分析工作,对常见典型干扰事件进行分类统计,分析影响制约承德前兆台网观测数据质量的主要因素,为进一步提高数据分析能力与观测资料质量提供有效的技术参考及应对措施。     

Variations of methane stable isotopic values from an Alpine peatland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Acta Geochimica - Isotopic signature is a powerful tool to discriminate methane (CH4) source types and constrain regional and global scale CH4 budgets. Peatlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are...     

中国雷达强天气预警信息质量控制与集成应用

冰雹和龙卷等强对流天气容易产生严重气象灾害,而雷达可以为强对流天气提供高时效的监测信息。针对当前雷达业务系统仅提供单站预警,且强天气识别算法缺乏本地优化等问题,研究了全国雷达预警信息组网集成技术,为大范围监测中小尺度强对流天气提供及时高效的参考信息;通过对全国高空站3年0℃层高度资料的统计分析表明,雷达监测冰雹等算法的0℃层高度应在3~6km范围动态调整,提出了雷达强天气预警动态本地化等综合质量控制方法。通过质控前后统计分析表明,质量控制可以有效降低雷达预警的虚警率,虚警剔除率可达到95%以上;与雷电观测资料的检验结果显示,质控后的雷达预警信息与雷电分布具有较好的契合度。将基于上述组网集成与质量控制的综合技术应用于2016年6月23日盐城龙卷强天气监测,取得了较好的应用效果。     

库车坳陷东部山前带古近系不同体系域内扇三角洲沉积砂体的对比研究

通过对塔里木盆地库车坳陷南天山山前带克孜勒努尔沟与依奇克里克野外露头沉积相的精细研究,结合山前带大量地震剖面分析与迪那201井、东秋5井等多口钻井测井相和岩心精细描述,将古近系库姆格列木群划分为2个层序。层序2低位域以冲积扇沉积为主,自湖侵体系域始,研究区广泛发育退积与进积型扇三角洲沉积。库姆格列木群层序2湖侵体系域内扇三角洲平原砂体以正韵律沉积为主,砂砾岩占地层厚度的(68.4～87)%;扇三角洲前缘砂体正、反韵律均有分布,砂砾岩占地层的百分比有所降低,为(55.2～77)%。高位体系域内主要发育以反韵律砂体为主的扇三角洲前缘沉积。古近系苏维依组只发育一个层序,其低位体系域的砂体为扇三角洲平原与前缘的分流河道砂体,湖侵体系域内扇三角洲前缘砂体正、反韵律均发育,高位体系域内主要发育扇三角洲前缘沉积,以反韵律砂体为主,正韵律砂体相对较少。对比苏维依组不同体系域内砂体储集性,湖侵域内砂体优于高位域内砂体。扇三角洲沉积体中有利储集砂体首选为湖侵体系域内的扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道和河口坝砂体,次之为低位域扇三角洲前缘(平原)分流河道砂体,最后是高位域内的河口坝及席状砂沉积砂体。特别要指出:低位体系域或者湖侵体系域底部发育的扇三角洲前缘(平原)分流河道砂体(底砂砾岩)被快速湖侵的较厚的暗色泥岩所覆盖,可形成较好储集场所。     

气象装备保障效能评估技术

随着气象部门装备保障业务重要性的不断提高,开展装备保障评估方法的研究,对保障质量进行科学评价成为一个新的课题。就监控、维护和维修3个装备保障子业务分别建立了各自的评估体系,还利用监控、维护和维修业务的独立性,提出了根据业务单位职责的组成,使用监控率、故障率和维修率三者的加权平均值评估装备保障综合效能的方法,对建立装备保障业务的考核体系有一定的参考借鉴意义。