Geology and Genesis of the Ta'ergou Skarn - Quartz Vein Tungsten Deposit in the North Qilian Caledonian Orogenic Belt, Northwest China

Abstract. The Ta'ergou tungsten deposit in Gansu province, northwestern China, is located in the western part of the North Qilian Caledonian orogen, and consists of scheelite skarn bodies and wolframite quartz veins. The tungsten‐bearing skarn developed by the replacement of carbonate layers intercalated in the Precambrian schist and amphibolite whereas wolframite‐quartz ore veins developed along a group of fractures that cut through horizontal skarns. The Ta'ergou tungsten deposit is genetically related to the Caledonian Yeniutan granodiorite intrusion and occurs ca. 500 m wide in the exo‐contact zone 300 ～ 500 m apart from the intrusion. The granodiorite displays a lower grade of differentiation, low content of SiO₂ and high contents of mafic components. There are three types of fluid inclusions in the wolframite‐quartz vein systems, i. e. aqueous, CO₂‐H₂O and CO₂‐rich. The homogenization temperature of aqueous inclusion ranges from 140 to 380d?C and their salinities from 6.4 to 17.4 equivalent wt% NaCl. Laser Raman spectroscopy shows that the inclusions contain a relatively high content of CO₂. The δ³⁴S values of skarn type sulfides range from +8.1 to +12.7 per mil and those of quartz vein sulfides from +9.3 to +14.9 per mil, similar to sulfides of the granodiorite with from +6.0 to +11.7 per mil. The δ¹⁸O values of quartz are between +10.5 and +13.3 per mil and those of wolframite between +3.4 and +5.1 per mil. The δ¹⁸O water values of ore forming fluids range from +0.6 to +6.4 per mil and suggest the mixture of magmatic fluids with meteoric water formed the ore‐forming fluids. It has been proved that Precambrian strata in the west sector of North Qilian region are enriched in tungsten. We propose the strata were remelted to be tungsten‐granitoid during subduction. The polymetallic tungsten was gradually accumulated into the roof pendants of the granite intrusion by fractional crystallization and then was deposited by hydrothermal fluids during metasomatism and infilling along fractures. On the other hand, the granite intrusion also acted as “heating machine” to make hydrothermal fluids leach out the metals from Precambrian strata and these metals joined the ore‐forming hydrothermal system.     

Lipid distribution in a subtropical southern China stalagmite as a record of soil ecosystem response to paleoclimate change

Lipid extracts from a 61.7-cm-long subtropical stalagmite in southern China, spanning the period of ca. 10,000–21,000 yr ago as constrained by U–Th dating, were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The higher plants and microorganisms in the overlying soils contribute a proportion of n-alkanes identified in the stalagmite. The occurrence of LMW (lower molecular weight) n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones in the stalagmite was mainly related to the soil microorganisms. We suggest that HMW (higher molecular weight) n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones identified in the stalagmite originate from soil organics and reflect input from contemporary vegetation. Shifts in the ratio of LMW to HMW n-alkanols or n-alkan-2-ones indicative of the variation of soil ecosystems (e.g., microbial degradation of organic matter and/or the relative abundance of soil microorganisms to higher plants) are comparable with the subtropical alkenone-SST (sea surface temperature) record of the same period. The similar trends seen in the δ¹³C data and the lipid parameters in this stalagmite imply that the overlying soil ecosystem response to climate might be responsible for the variation of δ¹³C values.     

南海上层海洋热结构的年循环与半年循环

根据南海季风试验(SCSMEX)期间南海内区的三个ATLAS(Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System)锚碇浮标资料(1998年4月～1999年4月),采用谐波分析方法对南海上层海洋水温年循环、半年循环加以分离,发现无论在年循环还是在半年循环尺度上,18°N附近SCS1站与13°N附近SCS3站的水温变化次表层与表层呈反位相;15°20′N附近SCS2站水温变化基本上次表层与表层同位相.这说明不同区域上层海洋热变化受不同的正压与斜压模态控制.其次,SCS2、SCS3两点水温年循环振幅均在次表层达到极值;而SCS1在表层达到极大值,在100 m深度达到次极大值.3个站位水温半年循环振幅极值均出现在次表层内,这说明该层内的水温半年循环在温度变化趋势中所占的权重比在表层的权重大.     

天津气象塔风温梯度观测资料的统计特征

利用天津气象塔风温梯度观测资料对其统计特征及平均风温廓线的日变化规律进行了分析，特别是分析了稳定层结的风温廓线特征，还给出了几种典型天气的低层大气结构的个例分析。     

忻州市气象局拓展科技服务产业的一些思考

近年来,忻州市气象局党组一班人在产业发展思路上,认真学习领会中国气象局和山西省气象局发展科技服务与产业的精神,充分吸取发达地区、先进地市的产业经验,全面研究贫困地区产业发展对策,结合忻州当地的实际情况,一致把忻州产业发展的潜力定位在依托部门科技优势,努力寻找与相关部门的结合点,大胆探索,勇于创新,奋力开拓,使忻州局的科技产业走上了稳定传统项目,不断拓展新的服务领域的良性循环的路子,并取得一定的成绩。1立足忻州实际,确立产业思路1.1忻州自然经济基础薄弱,连年财政收入不能令人乐观忻州地处晋北黄土高原腹中,土地贫瘠,人…     

最不利设计地震动研究

实际记录到的真实地震动在工程结构的抗震研究、分析和设计中往往作为一种施加到结构上使结构振动，直至破坏的地震荷载．如何合理选择真实的地震动记录作为研究结构地震反应的输入，一直是国内外抗震研究和设计中引人关注的重要问题．本文首先提出了最不利设计地震动的概念；然后在收集到的国内外5000余条被认为有重要意义的地震动记录基础上，利用综合估计地震动潜在破坏势的方法，对４种场地类型分别给出了长周期、短周期和中周期结构的国内外最不利设计地震动；最后通过几类不同结构的地震反应分析，初步验证了本文所确定的最不利设计地震动的可靠性和合理性．      

2001年施甸地震地质背景与发震构造分析

在讨论地震地质背景基础上，综合分析了震区的深部构造、地表活动断裂、地面形变、极震区展布方向、震害、余震分布、震源机制解等发震构造标志，并且进一步探讨了发震机制。初步认为北北西向罗明坝－太平断裂和北东向飞陵－丙麻断裂是2001年施甸地震的主要发震构造，二者具有共回轭构造活动的特征。     

三维重力内波和对流云街的启动机制

在一个下部为弱不稳定层、上部为稳定层的二层模式中，求解线性化的大气动力—热力学方程组，表明一个孤立山丘所引发的重力内波，在向下游传播过程中与边界层中对流相互作用，形成大气低层的涡漩活动，其图象与观测到的对流云街结构相似。     

国产光学经纬仪常见故障的处理

本文深入浅出地分析了国产不同类型的光学经纬仪在使用过程中容易出现的故障及原因，介绍了检查并确定其位置的方法，以及按照故障部位零件的结构对其进行科学简便的处理措施。     

海原断裂带西段断层泥的分形研究

利用光学和电子显微镜研究了海原断裂带西段断层泥的粒径分布，５微米至１厘米的粒径段，断层泥具有自相似特征，断层面的粘滑摩擦的特征位移参数可由分维上限（约１厘米）确定。同时用分形理论分析了断层泥粒度分重量百分比的分形结构特征，探讨了粒度成分分维值与断层运动特征的关系。