Analysis of Gravity Changes before and after the Akto MS6.7 Earthquake in 2016

This paper analyzes the characteristics of time sequence changes of gravity points near the epicenter, different changes of measuring lines and gravity changes of measuring areas in point-line-area manner respectively with the 5-period mobile gravity data through densified observation by the South Xinjiang Observation Network after the 2015-2016 Akto earthquake in Xinjiang. The gravity observation results before the earthquake indicate that the Wuqia-Bulungkol area near the epicenter presented the trend of gravity value increasing since 2015, but the gravity value decreased half a year before the earthquake, and witnessed a high gradient zone of gravity changes during some periods before the earthquake. The gravity observation results after the earthquake show that there is a trend of opposite changes in gravity difference on the northern and southern sides of Bulunkou, and good correspondence exists between the characteristics of gravity field changes near the epicenter before and after the earthquake and the geologic structure distribution in the area.     

3D扫描测量与BIM技术在大型异形建筑施工中的应用

依托某大型异形建筑项目的施工案例,针对锥形结构面板加工制作与内部钢主体结构协调设计和施工的难题,将BIM技术和3D激光扫描技术相结合,采用激光扫描测量主体结构后逆向生成相关模型,再与结构模型、次结构模型相互配合,解决了专业间配合难题,圆满地实现了深化设计和施工目标.介绍了三维激光扫描和BIM技术的应用原理、作业流程以及...     

Geographical differences and influencing factors of rural energy consumption in Southwest mountain areas in China: A case study of Zhaotong City

China is a mountainous country,and Southwest mountain areas cover the most mountain areas in China and have the most serious problems.Taking Zhaotong city as the study area,based on 902 rural household questionnaires of 11 villages in 2 counties and Tobit model,this paper analyzes the geographical differences and influencing factors of energy consumption for non-production purposes of rural households living in different terrain conditions.This research finds that:(1) Coal takes up the main part of energy consumption in valley areas and coal consumption is mainly affected by per capita cultivated land area,household income,proportion of rural household energy expenditure in total expenditure,coal price,and family population size.Firewood takes up the main part of energy consumption in high mountain areas and firewood consumption is mainly affected by per capita firewood forest area,distance to purchase coal,household income,electricity price,and coal price.(2) Only when the distance is greater than 20 kilometers,that is the average distance of rural households living in middle mountain areas(1,600m~1,800m) to purchase coal,the transportation condition has a significant impact on coal consumption.(3) In high mountain areas,prices of coal and electricity are the main factors influencing energy consumption choice of rural households.Too high prices of coal and electricity would to some extent lead rural households to choose firewood as the main energy consumption type.Compared to coal,rural households prefer to choose electricity.     

Ocean-atmosphere dynamics changes associated with prominent ocean surface turbulent heat fluxes trends during 1958–2013

Three prominent features of ocean surface turbulent heat fluxes (THF) trends during 1958–2013 are identified based on the Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) data set. The associated ocean-atmosphere dynamics changes are further investigated based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis. First, the THF are enhanced over the mid-latitude expansions of the subtropical western boundary currents (WBCs). An intensified oceanic heat transport, forced by stronger near-surface zonal wind, is likely to be the cause of such THF tendency. Second, the THF are reduced over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, which is primarily caused by the decreasing near-surface wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST), associated with a local coupled ocean-atmosphere cooling mode. Finally, the THF are reduced over the northern tropical Atlantic Ocean, which is attributed to the decreasing air-sea humidity and temperature differences as a result of the convergence of near-surface air and the divergence of ocean currents (upwelling).     

基于机器学习的土壤温度预估研究综述

土壤温度是地球科学研究中的重要物理量。在陆-气相互作用研究中,土壤温度不仅影响土壤内部的物理、生物、化学过程,而且对陆-气之间能量和物质交换起重要作用。随着可获取的相关数据越来越丰富,机器学习方法已经被越来越多的研究人员引入到土壤温度预估中,在很多任务中已经超过了统计模型、物理模型的性能。本文对比了统计模型、物理模型和机器学习方法这三种土壤温度常用计算方法的异同,简要介绍了应用于土壤温度研究的各类机器学习模型的原理和特点,综合国内外文献归纳了传统机器学习和深度学习在土壤温度空间分布、时间变化和时空变化三方面的研究进展。在土壤温度空间分布研究中,传统机器学习方法能够通过影响因子的空间异质性学习空间特征,并利用站点观测数据计算土壤深处的温度,但随土壤深度增加模型效果减弱,而深度学习模型有能够提取空间特征的结构,但对数据量要求高,当前研究中仅用于地表温度的遥感反演;在土壤温度时间序列研究中,加入了周期性信息的传统机器学习方法具有更好的模型效果,深度学习中的序列学习模型能自动捕捉土壤温度变化规律,结合了非平稳序列分析方法的混合模型能充分考虑土壤温度变化的连续性和周期性;由于陆面过程复杂性,土壤...     

淄博市淄川区加强国土资源信息化建设

国土资源部门作为政府职能部门,担负着管理辖区土地资源、矿产资源的调查、规划、管理、保护和合理利用的工作,因此,利用信息化手段提升国土资源的管理水平,已经成为加强国土资源管理的迫切需要。淄川区国土资源局充分利用国土资源部实施“金土工程”的契机,将信息化建设作为实     

黄土高原北部土地利用变化对长期土壤水分平衡影响模拟

为探明土地利用变化对黄土高原长期土壤水分平衡的影响,利用校验的Hydrus-1D模型模拟黄土高原北部神木六道沟小流域1981—2050年农耕地—苜蓿草地—天然草地情景下0~4 m土壤水分变化过程,量化土壤储水量、深层渗漏和蒸散发等水文变量的演变特征。结果显示:①农耕地期间年降水的88%为蒸散发消耗,11%为渗漏损失。②苜蓿草地种植后6 a内,蒸散发大幅增加至年降水的108%,土壤水分负平衡,0~4 m土壤储水量以52 mm/a的速率降低;至7~13 a,年降水几乎全部被蒸散发消耗。③苜蓿草地转变为天然草地后,蒸散发量下降31%,土壤水分以45 mm/a的速率逐渐补给,之后年降水量的92%用于蒸散发,8%为渗漏消耗,土壤水分处于相对稳定状态。研究表明不同土地利用方式下的土壤水分平衡模式具有显著差异,种植高耗水植被可造成土壤水分负平衡,导致土壤干燥化,进而对土壤水分补给产生负面效应,改变植被类型可使土壤干层得到有效改善。     

黑龙江七星河含煤盆地古近纪-新近纪沉积相及层序地层特征

黑龙江省东部七星河盆地是一新生代聚煤盆地,其含煤地层为古近系宝泉岭组、新近系富锦组。宝泉岭组由各级砂岩、泥岩、炭质泥岩以及褐煤组成,发育滨浅湖相、深-半深湖相、三角洲平原相,属于湖泊沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系。富锦组主要由泥岩、粉砂岩、中砂岩、含砾粗砂岩及煤层、炭质泥岩、硅藻岩组成,发育滨浅湖相、扇三角洲平原相,分别属于湖泊沉积体系和扇三角洲沉积体系。层序SI相当于宝泉岭组,发育低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域,煤层主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SII相当于富锦组,主要发育湖侵体系域、高位体系域,局部地区发育低位体系域,煤层亦主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以扇三角洲淤积沼泽和滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SI、SII的高位体系域中后期,盆地基底沉降速率和物源供给处于相对平衡状态,主要发育了扇三角洲淤积沼泽、滨浅湖和滨浅湖淤积沼泽环境,发育可采煤层。     

扬子克拉通北缘“神农架群底界”的再厘定及其地层学意义

神农架群的底界问题一直以来悬而未决。神农架群底界能否获取,已成为神农架群能否完美成为待建系候选层型的关键。距神农架东南几十公里的黄陵穹隆东北部地区自下而上发育中-新元古代西汊河组、吴家台组、浇园山组、南沱组和陡山沱组等地层,且胡正祥等(2012)认为该地吴家台组为神农架群中下部地层,那么该地是否存在神农架群的底界自然就引起大家的极大关注。本文基于该地浇园山剖面西汊河组石英片岩样品(0529-1),吴家台组底部砾岩(0228-4)和砂岩(0228-5)3件样品,应用LA-ICP-MS方法进行了碎屑锆石年龄的测试分析,同时结合地层单元间接触关系和岩石学与沉积学特征等标志,最终约束吴家台组形成时代。结果表明,崆岭北部樟村坪以北浇园山剖面西汊河组与上覆吴家台组呈不整合接触;西汊河组碎屑锆石年龄谱仅显示太古宙和2.0Ga两个明显的峰值;但吴家台组碎屑锆石年龄谱不仅包含了与西汉河组相同的太古宙和2.0Ga两个年龄峰值,而且还含有0.8Ga的弱峰值,由此断定西汊河组和吴家台组形成时限是完全不同的。前者应年轻于2.0Ga,但由于其为角闪岩相变质岩,又不同于扬子克拉通最终(1.8Ga)固结前的变质结晶基底岩石组合,因此推测西汊河组大致为中元古代,同理,吴家台组应形成于0.8Ga以后,结合吴家台组之上具有典型的南沱组冰碛杂砾岩,因此其时代应界于青白口纪晚期-南华纪早期之间,进一步结合各岩组砾岩中砾石组分的证据认为,吴家台组应相当于区域上莲沱组。同时研究表明,西汊河组和吴家台组物源主要来自黄陵穹隆核部中太古代TTG片麻岩和新太古代的花岗质片麻岩,古元古代碎屑锆石主要来源于崆岭杂岩中部的火山-岩浆岩以及黄陵穹隆南翼的新元古代岩浆岩。     

内蒙古达里诺尔湖流域地表水和地下水环境同位素特征及补给关系

为了探明达里诺尔湖流域地表水与地下水的氢(H)、氧(O)同位素的变化特征及相互补给关系,于2013年对达里诺尔湖及其周围的河水、井水、泉水中H、O同位素进行了取样分析,并结合总溶解性固体悬浮物(TDS)和区域水文地质对达里诺尔湖流域的补给关系进行讨论分析.结果表明:1)河水、泉水、井水中H、O同位素的值基本落在全球雨水线上,湖水H、O同位素落在全球雨水线的右下方,说明河水、井水、泉水没有发生蒸发分馏,而湖水则发生较大程度的蒸发分馏;对达里诺尔湖流域地表水与地下水的H、O同位素进行回归模拟,得出该区域的蒸发趋势线方程:δD=4.8753δ18O-20.139(n=32,R2=0.9968).蒸发线表明,这些水样具有相同水源的特征.2)从实地考察发现,泉水补给河水,泉水和河水补给湖水,同时井水、泉水和河水有相似的δD、δ18O和TDS值,且不随季节变化而变化,推断达里诺尔湖附近地下水补给湖水;区域水文地质条件亦证明达里诺尔湖周边地下水补给湖水.