2013年1月江苏雾霾天气持续和增强机制分析

利用江苏省能见度监测资料、自动站气象要素资料、探空资料、NCEP(1°×1°)和CFSV2(0.5°×0.5°)再分析资料,对2013年1月江苏雾霾持续性和13—14日大雾形成机制展开分析,结果表明:(1)中高纬平直的纬向环流,江苏位于地面高压底部偏东气流中,冷高压主体偏北,是1月发生持续雾霾天气的大背景。较弱的偏北经向风导致冷空气势力较弱,为1月江苏雾霾天气持续发生提供了近地层有利的稳定形势。(2)近地面相对湿度85%以上,风速小于3 m·s~(-1),风向以偏东风为主,凌晨与夜间温度露点差小于3℃。这些条件的稳定为持续雾霾发生提供了良好的气象因子。(3)地面辐射降温和弱冷平流共同作用引起的温度快速下降以及日出后潮湿地面蒸发增强对雾的加强起到一定的触发作用。近地面冷平流和混合层以上暖平流为本次雾增强提供了稳定的大气层结条件。近地面弱上升运动、中高层弱的下沉运动是14日凌晨雾快速加强的动力机制。     

一种基于多尺度DoG滤波器的高动态范围的映射方法

提出了利用多尺度DoG滤波器模拟人眼视觉的边缘相阻机制,计算出人眼观察各像素的适应性亮度,并对图像各适应性亮度下的色度进行适应性调整;通过计算光感知细胞在各适应性亮度关系下的相对视觉感知信息,提出可保持视觉空间中各维颜色的相对视觉感知信息的映射算法,从而实现了基于多尺度DoG滤波器的高动态范围图像映射。该算法可以在保留高动态范围图像中场景的纹理细节和颜色的前提下,使高动态范围图像能真实地显示在动态范围较低的显示设备或纸张上。实验测试说明,该算法能够正确地再现高动态范围图像原有的场景信息。     

Introduction to the China Jellyfish Project——The Key Processes, Mechanism and Ecological Consequences of Jellyfish Bloom in China Coastal Waters

As a National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China, the Key Processes, Mechanism and Ecological Consequences of Jellyfish Bloom in China Coastal Waters led by Prof.SUN Song from Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS) was endorsed by the Ministry of Science and Technology.Recently, the kick-off meeting of this five-year (2011-2015) program was held on January 15-16 in Qingdao,China.More than 120 participants attended the meeting.     

国外棕地研究进展

"棕地"一词最早出现在英国的规划文献中,20世纪90年代初开始成为美国官方用语。近年,棕地问题已成为了一个十分严肃的城市发展问题,交织了经济、社会、发展与环境保护的矛盾。为了推动棕地领域内的研究,在整理与分析国外相关文献资料的基础上,针对国外在棕地的定义、基本特征、分类、治理和开发价值评估、环境风险与责任、政策与法律法规、利益相关者及其关系以及棕地的治理与开发对策等方面的研究成果进行了述评。     

Marine Plankton Functional Groups Variation and Ecosystem Change

Marine ecosystem plays a vital role in the economy and society because of its service and production function. Marine ecosystem always changes under the pressure of climate change and human activities. We concern about the status and future of the ecosystem, but it is very difficult to assess and predict the ecosystem health condition. Marine biodiversity is one of the very important indicators of the marine ecosystem change. We focus not only on species composition and quantity change of marine organisms. It is important to determine which are the main contributors to the structure and function of the ecosystem. According to the function of various plankton species in an ecosystem, they can be divided into different functional groups based on the similarity of their ecological roles. By studying the changes of the functional groups, we can enhance our ability to understand the structure and function of ecosystem, and to predict the trend of ecosystem change and the resultant effect on marine biological resource and environment under the multiple pressures of global climate change and human activities. This will help us to establish the marine ecosystem based management.     

Petrogenesis of the Yangchang Mo‐bearing granite in the Xilamulun metallogenic belt,NE China: geochemistry,zircon U–Pb ages and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes

The Yangchang granite‐hosted Mo deposit is typical of the Xilamulun metallogenic belt, which is one of the important Mo–Pb–Zn–Ag producers in China. A combination of major and trace element, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope, and zircon U–Pb age data are reported for the Yangchang batholith to constrain its petrogenesis and Mo mineralization. Zircon LA‐ICPMS U–Pb dating yields mean ages of 138 ± 2 and 132 ± 2 Ma for monzogranite and granite porphyry, respectively. The monzogranites and granite porphyries are calc‐alkaline with K₂O/Na₂O ratios of 0.75–0.92 and 1.75–4.42, respectively. They are all enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs) with negative Nb and Ta anomalies in primitive‐mantle‐normalized trace element diagrams. The monzogranites have relatively high Sr (380–499 ppm) and Y (14–18 ppm) concentrations, and the granite porphyries have lower Sr (31–71 ppm) and Y (5–11 ppm) concentrations than those of monzogranites. The monzogranites and granite porphyries have relatively low initial Sr isotope ratios of 0.704573–0.705627 and 0.704281, respectively, and similar ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.75–18.98 and 18.48–18.71, respectively. In contrast, the ε_Nd(t) value (−3.7) of granite porphyry is lower than those of monzogranites (−1.5 to −2.7) with Nd model ages of about 1.0 Ga. These geochemical features suggest that the monzogranite and granite porphyries were derived from juvenile crustal rocks related to subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific plate under east China. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

格尔木水井水氡测值异常与地震活动的关系

根据格尔木台观测井的水文地质条件、水氡观测存在的主要干扰因素和年动态变化特征等方面因素,对格尔木地震台水井的水氡观测出现的趋势、突变异常进行了分析。结果表明,格尔木水氡趋势变化与气温有关、水氡突降与流量变化有关,更重要的是存在与格尔木水文地质条件有关的信息,反映了岩石应力—应变、区域构造和地震活动的相关信息。     

基于投影寻踪学习网络算法的植物群落高分遥感分类研究

传统的植物群落调查方法主要是野外样地调查和抽样统计,其对于地形复杂的区域难以做到对数据的全面调查;将遥感技术应用于植物群落调查,可实现数据的全面获取,以及对植物群落的快速分类。在深圳市植物群落野外样地调查的基础上,本文应用高分辨率Pléiades影像,结合光谱、地形及纹理信息,采用投影寻踪学习网络的方法,实现了深圳市东部地区植物分类。在实验中,选取人工林和次生林中典型群落样本,将投影寻踪与学习网络算法结合应用于植被分类,通过分类结果与经典监督分类方法比较表明,该算法应用于植物群落分类是可行的;并且该算法分类精度高,更新速度快,能满足深圳市重点项目基本生态控制线专项调查的要求。     

地质课程在地理科学中的作用及影响

分别从地质课程在地理科学中的作用和影响2个方面进行分析,总结了地质课程在地理科学中的作用:它是学习其他地理学科的基础、有利于分析当地的产业结构、为经济发展提供保证.并从地质年代的研究、矿床的寻找、地质灾害的预防、旅游业的发展这几个方面分析了地质课程在地理科学中的影响.