我国地质文化村（镇）空间分布特征及影响因素研究

地质文化村（镇）是地质文化科普的重要窗口,也是所在区域经济社会发展的重要依托,对其空间分布特征及影响因素的研究对我国地质文化村（镇）的进一步评定和可持续发展具有重要意义。运用最邻近指数、不平衡指数、核密度分析和地理探测器方法,对我国50个地质文化村（镇）的空间分布特征及其影响因素进行研究,研究表明：①地质文化村（镇）的空间分布类型为随机分布型;②各省（市、区）地质文化村（镇）数量差异明显,空间分布不均衡,呈“东多西少”格局;③地质文化村（镇）形成1个高密度核心区、2个次高密度集聚区、1条核心延长带;④影响我国地质文化村（镇）空间分布格局的因素由特色地质资源、自然条件以及社会经济与人文资源3个一级指标构成,其中社会经济与人文资源对地质文化村（镇）空间分布影响最大且效果显著。在今后地质文化村（镇）的评定建设中,应加强中西部地区地质文化村（镇）的建设和申报;适当给予中西部地区地质文化村（镇）评定倾斜;加大地质文化村（镇）宣传力度;充分发掘地质特色及民俗文化,加强地质文化村（镇）与文化的融合。     

Interannual and seasonal variation of the Huanghe (Yellow River) water discharge over the past 50 years: Connections to impacts from ENSO events and dams

The Huanghe, the second largest river in China, is now under great pressure as a water resource. Using datasets of river water discharge, water consumption and regional precipitation for the past 50 years, we elucidate some connections between decreasing water discharges, global El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and anthropogenic impacts in the drainage basin. Global ENSO events, which directly affected the regional precipitation in the river basin, resulted in approximately 51% decrease in river water discharge to the sea. The degree of anthropogenic impacts on river water discharge is now as great as that of natural influences, accelerating the water losses in the hydrological cycle. The large dams and reservoirs regulated the water discharge and reduced the peak flows by storing the water in the flood season and releasing it in the dry season as needed for agricultural irrigation. Thus, as a result, large dams and reservoirs have shifted the seasonal distribution patterns of water discharge and water consumption and finally resulted in rapidly increasing water consumption. Meanwhile, the annual distribution pattern of water consumption also changed under the regulation of dams and reservoirs, indicating that the people living in the river basin consume the water more and more to suit actual agricultural schedule rather than depending upon natural pattern of annual precipitation. The combination of the increasing water consumption facilitated by the dams and reservoirs and the decreasing precipitation closely associated with the global ENSO events over the past half century has resulted in water scarcity in this world-famous river, as well as in a number of subsequent serious results for the river, delta and coastal ocean.     

“09.4.15”渤海和山东强风过程的动力学诊断分析

2009年4月15日,渤海和山东大部出现了一次强风天气过程。本次过程具有强度大、持续时间短、强风在渤海及山东附近显著加强等特点。为探讨强风的成因,根据常规观测资料以及NCEP分析资料进行了诊断分析。结果表明,本次强风过程是在低层冷锋、高层低涡横槽影响下产生的。冷空气向南推进过程中,冷平流中心由高层向低层传播,850 hPa以下冷平流不断加强,使冷锋不断增强。冷空气到达渤海湾后,锋前的强暖平流与锋后的强冷平流造成低空锋区进一步增强。冷锋次级环流的下沉运动与地面正变压中心对应,变压梯度风与大尺度气压梯度风共同造成强风过程,而强风中的阵风可能与次级环流的强烈脉动有关。     

台站迁移对陕西省气温资料均一性的影响及其偏差订正

利用陕西省74个台站1961-2008年气温资料和台站沿革资料,采用二相回归法进行均一性检测和订正。结果发现台站迁移对气温资料的均一性有明显的影响,陕北台站迁移较少,关中和陕南迁站较多,全省74个台站中有24个台站资料的非均一性是因为台站迁移而引起的,对其中的12个台站进行了调整,使得全省气温序列从南至北分布具有较好的‘均一性’。     

宝鸡市干旱气候特征分析

2008年6月28日15时开始,山西省北部和东部部分地区出现强对流回波,当天下午16时起,太原本场及周边开始有大风天气,17时到20时开始出现局地的暴雨,部分地方出现短时冰雹等强对流灾害性天气。21时之后,回波向东南方移出,过程结束。本文主要对此次短时强对流天气过程的多普勒雷达图像资料进行分析,详细分析了太原（本场）周围强对流天气发生、发展、及消失的回波演变特征,并结合当时的雷电资料进行了分析。结果表明：本场未出现降水前,本场周围50km范围内非降水回波的辐合形势对天气过程的发生有很好的指示作用;强对流回波中存在逆风区,与暴雨的落区有很好的对应关系。     

Measurement of the deformation of sand in a plane strain compression experiment using incremental digital image correlation

Acta Geotechnica - This work presents the results from a series of plane strain compression experiments on medium-density sands. In these experiments, a new type of plane strain experimental...     

An enhanced underwater camera apparatus for seabed observation of megabenthic epifauna in the northern Yellow Sea

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Seabed photographing has been applied with various underwater camera apparatuses (UCAs) for observations of megabenthic epifauna, which reveals more details...     

对PCM编码式GPS站点布设模式的评价和改进

本文主要对PCM编码式的布设模式进行分析和改进,介绍PCM编码式和闭锁深度倍数式2种站点布设模式,然后在最小有效距离（MED）为6.31倍断层闭锁深度的情况下,通过精度评价方法对比2种布设模式的结果,发现二者相差不大。进一步研究MED的合理选择,结果表明,MED取20倍的闭锁深度比6.31倍的闭锁深度更为合理。在MED为20倍的情况下对比研究PCM编码式和常规闭锁深度倍数式布设模式的优劣,结果表明,PCM编码式的布设模式优于常规模式。将PCM编码式的布设模式应用于川滇地区的巧家-东川剖面进行检验,发现PCM编码式的结果优于目前站点分布得到的结果,说明合理的站点布设可得到精度更优的结果。本文研究对于断层形变监测中精确获取形变参数具有重要意义。     

Characteristics and Origins of Suspended Pyrite in the Mixing Zone of the Yangtze Estuary

For a long time, most studies about pyrite have focused on sediments while only a few have focused on pyrite in water. In this study, a method that combines the scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) was used to compare pyrite particles suspended in water to those in associated bottom sediments, both obtained from the mixing zone of the Yangtze Estuary. It was found that the pyrite particles in the two media have similar morphologies and size distributions. The particle morphology mainly includes two types, single crystal and aggregate, and the particle size mainly ranges from 0.5 to 2 μm. The pyrite particles in water exhibit an increase in relative content towards the sea, and their transport and deposit processes are mainly affected by hydrodynamic conditions. It is concluded that the pyrite particles in the suspended matter mainly derived from the resuspension of sediments, which are products of the early diagenesis. Precursor minerals may appear during the formation of pyrite, but are generally restricted by the diagenetic environment and local microenvironment.