Ages,Sources and Tectonic Settings of the Triassic Igneous Rocks in the Easternmost Segment of the East Kunlun Orogen,Central China

U–Pb analysis of zircons from igneous rocks in the Elashan Mountain, easternmost segment of the East Kunlun Orogen yielded 252–232 Ma. Geochemically, these rocks are mainly high in SiO_2, K_2O and K_2O+Na_2O contents, low in P_2O_5 and TiO_2 contents, depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti and enriched in U, Hf, Zr, showing features of I–type granite. The zircon εHf(t) values of the Early Triassic Jiamuge'er rhyolite porphyry(252±3 Ma) are positive(+1.6 to +12.1), suggesting a juvenile crustal source mixing with little old crustal component, and the zircon εHf(t) values of the Middle Triassic Manzhang'gang granodiorite(244±3 Ma) and Dehailong diorite(237±3 Ma) are predominately negative(-8.4 to +1.0), indicating an older crustal source. In comparison, the zircon εHf(t) values of the Late Triassic syenogranites from Suigen'ergang(234±2Ma), Ge'ermugang(233±2 Ma) and Yue'ergen(232±3 Ma) plutons vary from-3.8 to +5.0, suggesting a crust-mantle mixing source. From Early–Middle Triassic(252–237 Ma) to Late Triassic(234–232 Ma), the geochemical characteristics of these rocks show the change from a subduction–collision setting to a post-collision or within-plate setting. By comparing of these new age data with 77 zircon U–Pb ages of igneous rocks of the eastern part of East Kunlun orogen from published literatures, we conclude that the igneous rocks of Elashan Mountain and these of the eastern part of East Kunlun Orogen belong to one magmatic belt. All these data indicate that the Triassic magmatic events of the eastern part of East Kunlun Orogen can be divided into three stages: 252–238 Ma, 238–226 Ma and 226–212 Ma. Statistically, the average εHf(t) values of the threestage igneous rocks show a tendency, from the old to young, from-0.75±0.25 to lower-2.65±0.52 and then to-1.22±0.25, respectively, which reveal the change of their sources. These characteristics can be explained as a crust-mantle mixing source generated in a subductional stage, mainly crust source in a syn–collisional stage and a crust-mantle mixing source(lower crust with mantle-derived underplating magma) in a post-collisional stage. The identification of these three magmatic events in the Elashan Mountain, including all the eastern part of East Kunlun Orogen, provides new evidence for better understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northward subduction and closure of the Paleo-Tethyan(252–238 Ma), the collision of the Songpan–Ganzi block with the southern margin of Qaidam block(238–226 Ma), and the post–collisional setting(226–212 Ma) during the Early Mesozoic period.     

Quantitative trait loci detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Edwardsiella tarda</Emphasis> resistance in Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> using bulked segregant analysis

In recent years, Edwardsiella tarda has become one of the most deadly pathogens of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), causing serious annual losses in commercial production. In contrast to the rapid advances in the aquaculture of P. olivaceus, the study of E. tarda resistance-related markers has lagged behind, hindering the development of a disease-resistant strain. Thus, a marker-trait association analysis was initiated, combining bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Based on 180 microsatellite loci across all chromosomes, 106 individuals from the F1333 (♀: F0768 ×♂: F0915) (Nomenclature rule: F+year+family number) were used to detect simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and QTLs associated with E. tarda resistance. After a genomic scan, three markers (Scaffold 404-21589, Scaffold 404-21594 and Scaffold 270-13812) from the same linkage group (LG)-1 exhibited a significant difference between DNA, pooled/bulked from the resistant and susceptible groups (P <0.001). Therefore, 106 individuals were genotyped using all the SSR markers in LG1 by single marker analysis. Two different analytical models were then employed to detect SSR markers with different levels of significance in LG1, where 17 and 18 SSR markers were identified, respectively. Each model found three resistance-related QTLs by composite interval mapping (CIM). These six QTLs, designated qE1–6, explained 16.0%–89.5% of the phenotypic variance. Two of the QTLs, qE-2 and qE-4, were located at the 66.7 cM region, which was considered a major candidate region for E. tarda resistance. This study will provide valuable data for further investigations of E. tarda resistance genes and facilitate the selective breeding of disease-resistant Japanese flounder in the future.     

孙水河流域地质灾害链类型结构与断链对策

孙水河流域地质环境条件复杂,人类工程活动强烈,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害发育,水土流失问题严重,地质灾害在形成与发展演化过程中呈现出明显的链式效应。采用野外调查、遥感解译和综合分析相结合方法,查明了孙水河流域地质灾害链的主要诱发因素:强降雨、人类工程活动及其共同作用;基于灾害链激发环、灾害链演化环、灾害链损害环分别论述了孙水河流域境内强降雨、人类工程活动及两者共同作用下诱发地质灾害链的类型结构和成灾特征;从监测预警网络建设、防灾减灾体系完善、地质灾害综合治理实施以及地质环境保护和植被恢复推进等方面,提出了孙水河流域地质灾害链的断链对策。     

环境场条件对雷暴传播运动影响实例分析

通过对一个明显后向传播雷暴和一个无明显传播特征雷暴的环境场进行对比,分析环境场条件对雷暴传播运动的影响。结果表明：二者高空均受冷涡后部西北气流控制,有中空急流,低层受暖温度脊影响,气温较高,傍晚前后受短波槽影响,在鲁西北地区产生对流天气;后向传播雷暴的环境场水汽条件较好,大气斜压特征明显,近地面层高温高湿,θse锋区位于对流层中层,中层干空气与低层冷空气入侵,二者共同作用是雷暴的产生机制;无明显传播特征雷暴的环境场水汽条件较差,θse锋区位于850 hPa以下,对流层低层干冷空气与暖湿空气交绥是雷暴的产生机制;雷暴易发生在水汽通量散度中心北侧梯度较大的区域,主回波后部大气为不稳定层结且具有辐合中心、相对湿度较大的特征,这是产生新对流单体的关键;若雷暴区有湿平流,雷暴的下游方向有水汽辐合中心,且辐合中心具有斜压特征,有利于雷暴新生,反之,则不利于雷暴新生。     

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Rice from Guangzhou and Associated Health Risks

In recent years, excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) in rice have been a focus of attention of the government, the public and scientists. In Guangzhou rice is a staple food for most citizens and understanding the level of Cd and other heavy metals in rice is important for food safety and health. Consumers in different income groups purchase rice from various sources at different prices but we know little about the relationship between price and safety. At the same time, the presence of zinc (Zn) can also affect the level of risk from Cd in rice and so affect food safety. This study offers a preliminary exploration of interactions between price, safety and nutritional quality. 125 rice samples were collected from markets and from the homes of high-income, middle-income and low-income groups in Guangzhou city, and were tested for the content of Cd and Zn. The results showed that 25.6% of the rice samples contained Cd in excess of the national standard, with higher levels of Cd in Indica rice than in Japonica. At the same time, we designed a questionnaire survey for groups with different incomes to assess their exposure to risks from rice with Cd and their perceptions and sources of information about risks. The survey showed that, as a whole, the low-income group faces higher risks from rice with Cd, and that there is strong public demand for scientific information about Cd in rice.     

Co-integration analysis between GDP and meteorological catastrophic factors of Nanjing city based on the buffer operator

This paper analyzes the relationship between meteorological catastrophic factors and gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of Nanjing city (China). The sample spans the period 1980–2010, including GDP growth rate and meteorological catastrophic factors (extreme precipitation, extreme temperature and extreme wind speed). We utilize econometric methods to take co-integration analysis and Granger causality test among GDP growth rate and the time series of meteorological catastrophic factors of Nanjing city processed by buffer operators. Finally, the paper shows the short-term changes in minimum atmospheric pressure, extreme high temperature, and minimum relative humidity, which has a positive impact on GDP; the cumulative effect of extreme precipitation and GDP affects each other to some extent, they are mutually Granger causes. Moreover, at the 95 % confidence level, we believe that maximum wind speed is the Granger causation of GDP growth rate.     

分区优化混合SfM方法

针对大规模无序影像稀疏三维重建问题,本文提出一种稳健、高效且易于并行的分区优化的混合式SfM方法。首先,利用SIFT算法进行影像匹配,无须GPS/INS等其他辅助信息,仅利用影像间的匹配结果计算得到的影像关联度完成影像分区。然后,提出一种改进的增量式SfM方法实现每个分区内快速重建,以及提出多项标准自动剔除不可靠分区并将这些分区内影像重新划分至其他分区,实现分区的动态调整。最后,提出一种稳健高精度的分区融合算法,实现相机参数、影像姿态和场景三维信息的准确融合。多组不同规模、不同影像类型以及不同场景的典型数据试验结果表明本文方法对不同数据集具有很好的稳健性,在保持高精度的同时能大大提高重建效率,尤其适用于大规模影像数据集。     

海洋浮游生物图像观测技术及其应用

浮游生物图像自动识别技术是当前海洋浮游生态学的研究热点。该技术结合水体成像系统和自动识别软件,能够对浮游生物的种类组成和丰度进行快速自动识别和定量分析,从而获得关于浮游生物分布和丰度更及时、更准确的信息,为大尺度、实时、连续地研究浮游生物分类学和生态学特征提供了一种有效手段。重点分析了当前国际上浮游生物图像识别技术研究的最新进展、主要应用领域、存在的问题以及未来的发展方向,旨在进一步推进该技术在我国近海及大洋浮游生态学及相关研究领域中的应用。     

原子荧光光谱法测定土壤样品中的硒

应用碳酸钠-氧化锌混合熔剂对土壤样品半熔,断续流动氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法对样品中的硒进行测定。测定中研究了溶液酸度、硼氢化钾浓度对测定结果的影响。该方法的最低检出限为0.12ug/L,方法精密度RSD为3.65%,方法的回收率为94%~111%。