城市空地：城市化热潮的冷思考

城市空地早已“隐藏”在增长与收缩这一对立而又统一的城市化进程中。然而,学术界对其研究尤为不足,国内研究更为滞后。通过文献溯源分析建立城市空地概念,在地块、样带、地区和国家尺度比较分析城市空地的类型、成因及价值,对当今世界城市化热潮做出冷思考。结果表明：① 城市空地在土地覆被、土地用途、土地权属3个维度发生类型分化;② 城市空地格局特征在地块、样带、地区和国家尺度分异明显;③ 城市空地直接成因包括地块分割过于破碎、地块形状不规则、居住人口减少及“去工业化”、土地投机、投资不足、环境问题;④ 城市空地已沦为城市社会、经济和生态空间的“灰色”区域,是增强城市可持续性的潜在资源。此外,有必要遵循“类型划分—格局与过程研究—成因解析—转换机制—影响及价值评估—利用监管”的逻辑框架,从“社会—体制—经济—生态”互动视角,通过不同城市化阶段或地区比较,在微观（地块）、中观（城市样带/地区）、宏观（国家）多尺度开展城市空地研究,以服务于城市更新和土地供给侧结构性改革。     

触发2023年春季中国北方沙尘暴的沙源累积和天气扰动机制

2023年3—4月,我国共出现10次沙尘天气过程,其中3月19—24日和4月9—13日的沙尘过程分别达到强沙尘暴和沙尘暴等级,给人群健康、生态环境和交通运输带来了严重不利影响。后冬至前春的欧亚大气环流异常呈纬向带状分布,导致沙源地的地表气温以及土壤温度持续偏暖、降水整体偏少、蒸散发效应显著。疏松的沙源为春季沙尘天气提供了丰富的物质基础。触发3月19—24日和4月9—13日沙尘暴过程的天气扰动系统都是蒙古气旋,但两次蒙古气旋及其与后部冷高压的配置存在差异,这也直接造成两次沙尘暴过程在强度、路径和持续时间上的差别。此外,本文也从气候累积效应和天气扰动机制两个方面分析了沙尘事件的研究重点,并侧重讨论了开展沙尘次季节-季节以及年代际预测的必要性和关键点。     

Progress and prospects of applied research on physical geography and the living environment in China over the past 70 years (1949–2019)

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences.Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development,and China's natural environment is complex and diverse.According to national needs and regional development,physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research,which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development,the protection of macro ecosystems and resources,and sustainable regional development.This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields:regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization;land use and land cover changes;natural hazards and risk reduction;process and prevention of desertification;upgrading of medium-and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region;engineering construction in permafrost areas; geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases;positioning and observation of hysical geographical elements;and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.     

高密度电法在城市地下水和土壤有机污染调查中的应用

运用高密度电法对苏南某城市NH化工厂场地地下水和土壤进行了勘查,发现在地下17～45 m的含水层和土壤存在多个超过100 Ω·m高电阻异常区.通过钻探和化学测试验证,发现这些高电阻异常区均为受到高浓度有机污染物影响的污染晕,据此进一步扩大了勘察范围,从而圈定出地下污染物的空间分布状况,并确定了污染物的来源和迁移规律.研...     

RELATION BETWEEN PRECIPITATION AND INITIATION OF DEBRIS FLOWS IN THE JIANGJIA RAVINE,YUNNAN PROVINCE, SOUTHWEST CHINA

1 INTRODUCTION In the watershed of the Jiangjia Ravine, the frequency of occurrence of rainstorms which can mobilize debris flows is high, and there are abundant unconsolidated materials deposited in the upstream area, these resulted in frequent eruption …     

板内和板间区域构造与地震

讨论会的第三个专题为板内和板间区域构造与地震.该专题共收到46篇论文摘要,其中来自俄罗斯、越南、印度、日本、中国、美国、伊朗、尼泊尔、泰国的学者在大会上宣读了28篇论文,中国、吉尔吉斯斯坦、印度、日本、俄罗斯、孟加拉国的学者展示了12篇张贴报告.     

4 板内和板间区域构造与地震

讨论会的第三个专题为板内和板间区域构造与地震.该专题共收到46篇论文摘要,其中来自俄罗斯、越南、印度、日本、中国、美国、伊朗、尼泊尔、泰国的学者在大会上宣读了28篇论文,中国、吉尔吉斯斯坦、印度、日本、俄罗斯、孟加拉国的学者展示了12篇张贴报告.     

基于蒙特卡洛方法的地震目录模拟及相符性检验——以汾渭地震带为例

人工地震目录模拟是改进现有地震目录不完备性、弥补大地震记录稀缺,以及完善地震学相关研究的有效途径之一。本文基于地震活动的泊松分布模型、古登堡-里克特震级-频度关系,利用能较逼真描述具有随机性质事物特点及物理实验过程的蒙特卡洛方法,模拟汾渭地震带未来30、50、100年等不同时长的地震目录,并对其进行统计检验。分析表明,模拟地震目录符合设定的地震活动性参数和泊松分布假设特征。依据模拟地震目录,对未来该区域地震趋势进行了分析,以期为地震危险性分析提供参考。     

Antagonism between coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus and other bacteria in the gastric cavity of scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis

Scleractinian corals host numerous microbial symbionts with different types of interactions. The gastric cavity of scleractinian coral, as a semiclosed subenvironment with distinct chemical characteristics(e.g., dissolved O2, pH, alkalinity, and nutrients), harbors a distinct microbial community and a diverse array of bacteria that can be pathogenic or beneficial. Galaxea fascicularis is one of the dominant massive scleractinian coral species on inshore fringing reefs in the northern South China Sea.Although the abundance of coral-associated bacteria has been investigated in G. fascicularis, less is known about the microorganisms in the gastric cavity. In this study, we specially isolated cultivable bacterial strains from the gastric cavity of G.fascicularis collected from Hainan Island using a noninvasive sampling approach. Among the 101 representative bacterial strains, one Vibrio coralliilyticus strain, SCSIO 43001, was found to be a temperature-dependent opportunistic pathogen of G.fascicularis. The antagonistic activity between the 100 strains and V. coralliilyticus SCSIO 43001 was tested using a modified Burkholder diffusion assay. Our results showed that V. coralliilyticus SCSIO 43001 inhibits the growth of Erythrobacter flavus and Sphingomonas yabuuchiae. Additionally, we found that three Pseudoalteromonas strains showed moderate to high antibacterial activity against V. coralliilyticus SCSIO 43001 and several other coral-associated Gram-negative bacterial strains.These results suggest that competition between the coral pathogen and other bacteria also occurs in the gastric cavity of coral, and Pseudoalteromonas strains in the gastric cavity of G. fascicularis may provide a protective role in the defense against coinhabiting coral pathogens at elevated temperature.     

基于无人机影像的九寨沟地震建筑物震害定量评估

利用2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震震后获取的无人机影像,结合地面震害调查资料,分析各类建筑物震害特征,建立建筑物震害无人机遥感解译标志;选取地震灾区漳扎镇(部分区域)和荷叶寨2个区域作为研究区,进行了无人机遥感建筑物震害提取,基于遥感震害指数进行了震害定量评估,并与现场建筑物震害调查统计结果进行了比较验证。结果显示,遥感解译建筑物震害与实际震害程度相吻合,表明利用震后快速获取的高分辨率无人机影像,可以较为准确地识别建筑物震害,进而为地震灾害定量评估和应急救援辅助决策提供重要参考。