聚类分析的伪距偏差特性研究

针对如何对由信号畸变导致的伪距偏差数据快速准确地进行判断分类这个问题,该文进行了分析研究,提出采用聚类分析中的K-medoids算法展开伪距偏差特性研究,实现信号畸变导致的伪距偏差自动判别.通过对实际观测数据的分析比较可以看出,引入聚类分析方法实现伪距偏差的自动判别比仅按照接收机厂商、接收机模型划分伪距偏差更加符合实际情况.由信号畸变导致的伪距偏差在全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)精密数据处理中至关重要,会对精密单点定位精度和收敛性能、电离层延迟提取等产生影响.随着卫星导航系统以及GNSS跟踪网的建设与完善,海量的基准站及丰富的接收机类型为GNSS精密处理带来了更多的挑战.引入聚类分析方法实现了伪距偏差的自动判别,对于卫星导航精密数据处理性能具有重要的意义.     

Mesoscale dynamics and its application in torrential rainfall systems in China

Progress over the past decade in understanding moisture-driven dynamics and torrential rain storms in China is reviewed in this paper. First, advances in incorporating moisture effects more realistically into theory are described, including the development of a new parameter, generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV) and an improved moist ageostrophic Q vector(Qum). Advances in vorticity dynamics are also described, including the adoption of a "parcel dynamic" approach to investigate the development of the vertical vorticity of an air parcel; a novel theory of slantwise vorticity development, proposed because vorticity develops easily near steep isentropic surfaces; and the development of the convective vorticity vector(CVV)as an effective new tool. The significant progress in both frontal dynamics and wave dynamics is also summarized, including the geostrophic adjustment of initial unbalanced flow and the dual role of boundary layer friction in frontogenesis, as well as the interaction between topography and fronts, which indicate that topographic perturbations alter both frontogenesis and frontal structure. For atmospheric vortices, mixed wave/vortex dynamics has been extended to explain the propagation of spiral rainbands and the development of dynamical instability in tropical cyclones. Finally, we review wave and basic flow interaction in torrential rainfall, for which it was necessary to extend existing theory from large-scale flows to mesoscale fields, enriching our knowledge of mesoscale atmospheric dynamics.     

Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪观测较强降水的可行性分析和建议

为了研究OTT-Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪(简称Parsivel)在较强降水观测中应用的可行性,用南京地区2012年6—7月份4个典型的降水个例,对Parsivel和SL3-1翻斗式雨量计(简称雨量计)的累积降水量、降水强度观测资料进行对比分析,并与人工雨量筒观测作以比较。结果表明:Parsivel测值是可信的,在累积降水量观测上,与雨量计具有很好的相关性,但测值始终偏高,该现象主要是粒子相互遮挡造成的。雨量计的反应时间,明显滞后于Parsivel。雨量计测值接近人工测值;而Parsivel与人工测值的偏差明显大于雨量计。结合实验分析与业务应用,提出3点使用建议:(1)仪器应架设在无遮蔽物的开阔地带。(2)采样周期应随着降水强度(地理位置)的不同而改变。(3)对降水微物理参量特征以及粒子谱分析时,可剔除直径过大、速度很低的粒子。     

渤海地区平台结构设计环境条件选取分析

随着平台的使用年限增长,环境条件随着海洋环境的变化而变得日益恶劣,对于渤海地区,提出了是否采用100年一遇环境条件替换50年一遇环境条件进行结构设计.经过对渤海地区的部分中心平台和井口平台50年/100年环境条件对比分析,提出了对于渤海地区海上平台结构采用100年一遇环境条件替换50年一遇环境条件.     

利用激光点云数据进行露天矿采剥工程量的计算方法

露天矿测量验收主要采用全站仪等单点式测量的方式,存在采样密度低、测量周期较长等不足。针对以上问题,采用三维激光扫描技术在露天矿中获取点云数据,并通过布料模拟算法和三角网计算体积算法,计算得到采剥工程量。经实验验证,与传统三角网体积计算法得到的采剥工程量相比,精度提高了23倍。     

基于PLSR的典型沼泽湿地植物叶片性状与光谱模型构建——以三江国家级自然保护区为例

通过植物光学特性测量叶片性状是一种非破坏性的、长期的湿地动态监测方法。选择三江国家级自然保护区多种典型湿地植物为研究对象,探究植物性状与叶片光谱之间的联系。研究表明：叶片氮含量与光谱的模型构建效果最好,模型R²为0.61,均方根误差（RMSE）为2.3862;叶片含水量、叶片磷、可溶性糖、纤维素和木质素含量之和的模型一般,R²在0.38~0.55范围内,RMSE在0.0004~10.7019范围内;淀粉含量拟合效果较差, R²为0.29,RMSE为0.0106。光谱预测重要性的结果表明,可见光与近红外边缘范围内的光谱信息对于叶片含水量、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量、单位叶面积质量、纤维素和木质素之和、可溶性糖和淀粉的预测具有最高的重要性。     

Assessment of code bias variations of BDS triple-frequency signals and their impacts on ambiguity resolution for long baselines

GPS Solutions - Carrier phase ambiguity resolution over long baselines is challenging in BDS data processing. This is partially due to the variations of the hardware biases in BDS code signals and...     

An efficient solution of real-time data processing for multi-GNSS network

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are acting as an indispensable tool for geodetic research and global monitoring of the Earth, and they have been rapidly developed over the past few years with abundant GNSS networks, modern constellations, and significant improvement in mathematic models of data processing. However, due to the increasing number of satellites and stations, the computational efficiency becomes a key issue and it could hamper the further development of GNSS applications. In this contribution, this problem is overcome from the aspects of both dense linear algebra algorithms and GNSS processing strategy. First, in order to fully explore the power of modern microprocessors, the square root information filter solution based on the blocked QR factorization employing as many matrix–matrix operations as possible is introduced. In addition, the algorithm complexity of GNSS data processing is further decreased by centralizing the carrier-phase observations and ambiguity parameters, as well as performing the real-time ambiguity resolution and elimination. Based on the QR factorization of the simulated matrix, we can conclude that compared to unblocked QR factorization, the blocked QR factorization can greatly improve processing efficiency with a magnitude of nearly two orders on a personal computer with four 3.30 GHz cores. Then, with 82 globally distributed stations, the processing efficiency is further validated in multi-GNSS (GPS/BDS/Galileo) satellite clock estimation. The results suggest that it will take about 31.38 s per epoch for the unblocked method. While, without any loss of accuracy, it only takes 0.50 and 0.31 s for our new algorithm per epoch for float and fixed clock solutions, respectively.     

Palynological Evidence of Late Pleistocene Soft-sediment Deformation Event in the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

The northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is the youngest part of the Tibetan Plateau where tectonic activity is intense and climate change is complex. In this study, combined with field investigations, we explored accelerator mass spectrometry 14C and optically stimulated luminescence dating and palynological analysis of the sedimentary sequence in the Qingshuihe Basin to explain the origin of soft-sediment deformation layer. Dating and palynological results from the Sanchahe section in th...