深埋顶管顶力理论计算与实测分析

针对管幕预筑法中深埋顶管顶力进行理论和实测分析。顶管顶力与垂直土压力密切相关。参照隧道开挖中垂直土压力的计算方法,常用的垂直土压力计算理论有：普氏理论和太沙基理论。在详细分析了这两种垂直土压力计算理论的适用性和缺陷之后,结合普氏理论和太沙基理论,提出了改进的垂直土压力计算理论公式,并编写MATLAB程序计算改进理论公式的数值解。改进理论既考虑了土拱效应,又考虑了拱下土体的挟持力,更符合实际土体变形情况。将普氏理论、太沙基理论和改进的理论应用于沈阳地铁新乐遗址站管幕预筑法顶管工程中,计算不同深度的两根大埋深管道顶力,并把计算与实测结果进行比较,发现普氏理论和太沙基理论计算结果都远大于实测值,改进理论计算结果稍大于实测值,更适合于深埋顶管顶力估算。     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震序列精定位

Five mobile digital seismic stations were set up by the Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province near the epicenter of the main shock after the Ning’er M6.4 earthquake on June 3, 2007. In this paper, the aftershock sequence of the Ning’er M6.4 earthquake is relocated by using the double difference earthquake location method. The data is from the 5 mobile digital seismic stations and the permanent Simao seismic station. The results show that the length of the aftershock sequence is 40km and the width is 30km, concentrated obviously at the lateral displacement area between the Pu’er fault and the NNE-trending faults, with the majority occurring on the Pu’er fault around the main shock. The depths of aftershocks are from 2km to 12km, and the predominant distribution is in the depth of 8～10km. The mean depth is 7.9km. The seismic fault dips to the northwest revealed from the profile parallel to this aftershock sequence, which is identical to the dip of the secondary fault of the NE-trending Menglian-Mojiang fault in the earthquake area. There are more earthquakes concentrated in the northwest segment than in the southeast segment, which is perhaps related to the underground medium and faults. The depth profile of the earthquake sequence shows that the relocated earthquakes are mainly located near the Pu’er fault and the seismic faults dip to the southwest, consistent with the dip of the west branch of the Pu’er fault. In all, the fault strike revealed by earthquake relocations matches well with the strike in the focal mechanism solutions. The main shock is in the top of the aftershock sequence and the aftershocks are symmetrically distributed, showing that faulting was complete in both the NE and SW directions.     

郯庐带中强地震前后多参数综合异常时空特征研究

本文应用基于地震对应概率谱的多参数滑动极值相关度方法对郯庐断裂带进行时间和空间扫描计算。 时间计算结果显示绝大多数目标地震发生之前均有高值异常现象出现; 空间扫描计算结果显示中强地震前1年左右, 震区及其附近区域多参数滑动极值相关度出现高值异常现象, 且异常区域逐渐扩大增强, 地震多发生在异常区域内或者附近。 中强地震发生后, 高值异常区逐渐缩小, 震后1年左右异常区域基本消失; 中强地震平静时段的多参数滑动极值相关度均无高值异常区域出现。     

钢纤维增强十字形异形柱中节点的抗震性能试验

针对异形柱节点的薄弱特性,通过在节点处掺加钢纤维,对比了钢纤维增强的异形柱中节点和未掺加钢纤维的普通混凝土异形柱中节点的破坏特征、承载力、延性、滞回性能和刚度退化等抗震性能指标。结果表明:钢纤维增强的异形柱节点试件承载力明显提高,节点核心区破坏程度明显较轻,加载后期,刚度保持效果有明显改善,说明钢纤维可以提高异形柱节点的抗震能力。     

Spar平台环境载荷风洞测试及载荷分析

介绍某桁架式Spar平台风洞环境载荷测试及分析,为国内首次在风洞中开展的Spar平台风、流载荷模型试验。通过在风洞中模拟真实海洋环境,考虑倾角变化对平台载荷的影响,测试Spar平台水上部分风载和水下部分的流载,给出最大风倾覆力矩风向角,确定平台最容易发生危险的关键风向。试验结果表明:水上部分风阻随纵倾角的增大而增大;风倾覆力矩随倾角增大先增大后减小,在纵倾角10°时达到最大值;水下部分只在流向角-15°～15°范围内,流阻随倾斜角度增大而减小,但最大阻力发生在倾斜角为15°时。试验结果可以为Spar平台设计以及性能预报提供参考。     

变暖背景下陕西极端气候事件变化分析

利用1961-2010年陕西省78个气象观测站的逐日最高温度、最低温度、平均温度以及日降水量资料,采用趋势分析方法对该地区极端气候事件的变化进行了分析。结果表明:①近50 a来陕西降水极端事件没有显著的增减变化趋势,但存在明显的阶段性。②近50 a来区域严重干燥事件在显著增加而严重湿润事件趋于减少,2000年以后严重干湿事件均偏多,区域降水有向不均衡、极端化发展的趋势。③区域年极端高（低）温事件在近50 a来呈现显著的增加（减少）趋势,其空间分布具有较好的一致性。极端温度事件的变化在各季节存在差异,冬、春季变暖的趋势比较显著。在显著变暖的20世纪90年代以后,相对于降水极端事件,温度极端事件显现地更为突出。     

山东西南部南四湖水位变化特征及其与气候要素的相关分析

气候变化对水资源的影响是水文领域的一个重要的研究方向, 研究水位变化与气候要素的相关分析, 对预测湖面水位意义重大. 利用1981-2013年山东西南部南四湖水位和沿湖5个国家级气象观测站逐月平均气温、 相对湿度、 风速、 降水和蒸发量等资料, 分析了近33 a来南四湖水位变化特征及气象影响因子. 结果表明: 近33 a南四湖水位升高趋势显著, 平均每10 a升高0.46 m; 水位变化整体分两个阶段, 1989年以前为下降态势, 1989年以后为上升态势, 1994年是水位升高的突变时间点; 平均最高水位出现在3月为33.04 m, 最低出现在12月为32.03 m. 各气象要素对南四湖水位的影响呈明显的季节性, 降水量是影响年水位变化的重要气象因子, 年降水量每增加100 mm, 水位升高0.21 m, 夏季降水量对水位的影响更为显著; 蒸发量在夏、 秋季与水位呈极显著负相关; 水位在夏季与风速、 在冬季与相对湿度均呈显著负相关.     

用ECRS方法对郯庐断裂带中南段地震的跟踪研究

基于地震学多参数的地震对应概率谱(ECRS)方法及此前研究成果,对郯庐断裂带中段和南段(中南段)至2015年9月份的地震异常特征进行了跟踪研究。时间跟踪研究结果表明,目标地震均在震前出现多参数的综合高值异常,且目前其综合指数处于异常上升状态。空间跟踪研究结果同样显示,研究区目标地震发生前大多有高值异常出现并逐渐增强,地震多发生在异常区域内或者附近。     

Modeling the sediment yield from landslides in the Shihmen Reservoir watershed,Taiwan

Landslides generate enormous volumes of sediment in mountainous watersheds; however, quantifying the downstream transport of landslide‐derived sediment remains a challenge. Landslide erosion and sediment delivery to the Shihmen Reservoir watershed in Taiwan was estimated using empirical landslide frequency–area and volume–area relationships, empirical landslide runout models, and the Hydrological Simulation Program‐ FORTRAN (HSPF). Landslide erosion rates ranged from 0.4 mm yr^‐1 to 2.2 mm yr^‐1 during the period 1986–2003, but increased to 7.9 mm yr^‐1 following Typhoon Aere in 2004. The percentage of landslide sediment delivered to streams decreased from 78% during the period 1986–1997 to 55% in 2004. Although the delivery ratio was lower, the volume of landslide sediment delivered to streams was 2.81 × 10⁶ Mg yr^‐1 in 1986–1997 and 8.60 × 10⁶ Mg yr^‐1 in 2004. Model simulations indicate that only a small proportion of the landslide material was delivered downstream. An average of 13% of the landslide material delivered to rivers was moved downstream during the period 1986–1997. In 2004, the period including Typhoon Aere, the annual fluvial sediment yield accounted for approximately 23% of the landslide material delivered to streams. In general, the transfer of sediment in the fluvial system in the Shihmen Reservoir watershed is dominantly transport limited. The imbalance between sediment supply and transport capacity has resulted in a considerable quantity of landslide material remaining in the upper‐stream regions of the watershed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Contribution to the Global Warming Mitigation of Marshlands Conversion to Croplands in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

Based on the estimation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestration of the total conversion of marshlands (TMC), marshlands conversion to paddy fields (MCPFs) and marshlands conversion to uplands (MCULs), this study revealed the contribution to the global warming mitigation (CGWM) of paddy fields versus uplands converted from marshlands in the Sanjiang Plain (excluding the Muling‐Xingkai Plain on south of Wanda Mountain), Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. The results showed that the total area of MCPFs and MCULs was 504.23 × 10³ ha between 1982 and 2005. The CGWM per unit area was 45.53 t CO₂eq/ha for MCPFs and that was 23.95 t CO₂eq/ha for MCULs, with an obvious 47.40% reduction. The MCPFs and MCULs ecosystems acted as the carbon sink all of the year. As far as CGWM per unit area is concerned, MCPFs mitigated the greenhouse effect which was greater than MCULs. And it was effective that the implementation of the uplands transformed into paddy fields in Northeast China with regard to marshlands protection and croplands (including paddy fields and uplands) reclamation.