中国近海渔业资源结构特点及演替的研究

渔业资源是一种不断变化和更新的生物资源,如能合理地开发和利用可望取得良好的经济、社会和生态效益及永续利用的目的。然而由于人类的过度的开发和利用,加之生态环境的日趋恶化,使得许多渔业资源遭到破坏而严重衰退。近十多年来我国渔业与世界渔业发展的总趋势相似,随着捕捞强度的盲目增加,使得许多传统渔业资源遭到不同程度的破坏,主要捕捞对象替代频繁,其结构发生了显著的变化,总趋势是:经济价值高的、个体大的、年龄结构复杂的和在生态系统中营养层次高的类群逐渐被经济价值低的、个体小的、年龄结构简单的和营养层次低的类群所替代;底层鱼类所占比例日益减少,中、上层鱼类及虾、蟹类比例逐年增加。 对渔业资源结构特点和演替规律的研究一直受到国内外学者的重视,许多国家为了保护其近海渔业资源和本国的渔业权益,纷纷宣布建立渔业保护区和专属经济区,并采取了一系列的保护措施,因此近年特别着重研究建立保护区后的渔业资源结构的变化( Gunnar,1989; Megrey and Wespestaa,1990; Pinhorn and Halliday,1990)。我国学者也有许多渔业资源方面的研究报告(中国海洋渔业资源编写组,1990;邓景耀等,1991；孙宗烨等,1987;宋海棠等,1990;罗秉征等,1992;1993)。本文探讨了近40年来我国近海渔业资源结构的特点及其演变规律及趋势,并对我国不同海区渔业资源的演变进行了比较,进而分析了我国海洋渔业资源变化的原因,旨在为更加合理地利用我国的海洋渔业资源,并为其持续发展提供科学依据。     

Computation of waves scattered by inhomogeneous velocity gradient using generalized Born approximation

The generalized Born approximation is an approximation method that represents the scattering term by the error between the exact Green's function and the approximate Green's function,mainly for the gradient scattering problem.However,so far,the research on the generalized Born approximation has only stayed in theory,and its implementation techniques are rarely reported.In order to fill this gap,the basic theory of generalized Born approximation is reviewed,and the implementation method of generalized Born approximation is discussed in this paper.In particular,the problem of calculating boundary effect elimination is discussed in detail.Finally,through model trial calculation,the calculation of gradient scattering,by comparing Born approximation and finite difference method,shows that using the generalized Born approximation to calculate gradient scattering achieves higher computational accuracy.     

海南乐东陆架海底沙波分布特征及对海底管道的影响

海底管道是海上油气开发系统的重要组成部分,是油气输送的主要手段。海底沙波普遍发育于海底,特别是陆架地区。因为沙波的迁移往往会引起海底管道、海底构筑物等方面的灾害,随着海洋油气勘探开发工作的不断进行,浅水陆架区的海底沙波越来越受到人们的关注。文章以海南乐东陆架区域为研究区,利用海洋物探手段对本区的海底沙波分布做了初步的监测和研究。     

中国沿海港口港城关系发展及对城市经济增长作用

以中国20个主要沿海港口及所在城市为例,首先构建港城复合系统协同度模型,测算出2010—2019年港口及所在城市复合系统的协同度;其次运用面板数据模型检验港城协同度与城市经济增长的关系;然后具体分析中国沿海港口及所在城市港城复合系统协同度的演变规律、驱动原因以及港城协同度对城市经济增长的作用机制;最后综合协同度和面板数据模型结果,提出促进中国沿海港口和城市经济高质量发展的建议。     

粤港澳大湾区战略性产业技术创新的地理格局及其多样性特征

以粤港澳大湾区点尺度的发明专利空间数据为基础,通过建立战略性产业与专利IPC分类号之间的联系,提取了大湾区6类主要行业的发明专利,利用核密度分析、标准差尾值检验、熵值法和平均最邻近距离分析等方法,识别粤港澳大湾区多类型技术创新的空间分布特征与差异。结果表明：粤港澳大湾区技术创新的地理格局呈现显著的空间不均衡性,区域尺度形成了广州与深圳2个集聚核心,珠江东西两岸在创新能力上存在较大差距,技术多样性的区位主要分布在大湾区核心城市的核心区;新一代电子信息、先进材料、绿色石化3类产业的创新占大湾区整体的51.67%,不同技术类型的创新在空间上呈现显著分异,主要集中在广州、深圳、东莞、珠海的核心区,其中,新一代电子信息产业创新的空间集聚度最高。     

Anti-seismic research on nuclear engineering siting

Nuclear engineering belongs to significant project;there is higher requirement on sitings.The study has discussed basic factors of selecting sites,anti-seismic research on sitings including the seismic ground motion,probability methods of seismic hazard analysis as well as interaction about structure and foundation,meanwhile provide the reason for nuclear engineering selecting sites.     

长江三角洲城市群对夏季降水影响机制的模拟研究

利用耦合了单层城市冠层模型UCM的中尺度模式WRF,对长江三角洲城市群夏季城市化效应进行了5 a(2003—2007年)高分辨数值模拟,并作了长江三角洲地区有无城市的对比试验。结果表明,城市化使得长三角城市群及其邻近地区,夏季近地层水汽混合比呈明显减少趋势,而850~700 h Pa层的水汽混合比有所增大。通过对比有与无城市各等级降水日所对应的2 m水汽混合比,得出小雨降水日对应的2 m水汽混合比差异与总降水日对应的差异最为接近。通过分析环流场、散度场和垂直速度场发现,水汽混合比的垂直变化是由于城市群的存在使得近地层辐合、850~700 h Pa层辐散的配置增强,以及在城市群上空增强了的垂直上升运动,从而增强城区对流活动,水汽的垂直输送也更为活跃,由此可能导致对流性降水的增加。     

Temporal and spatial changes of the basal channel of the Getz Ice Shelf in Antarctica derived from multi-source data

Basal melting is an important factor affecting the stability of the ice shelf. The basal channel is formed from uneven melting, which also has an important impact on the stability of the ice shelf. Therefore, it has important scientific value to study the basal channel changes. This study combined datasets of Mosaics of Antarctica, Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) and Operation IceBridge to study the temporal and spatial changes of basal channels at the Getz Ice Shelf in Antarctica. The relationships between the cross-sectional area and width of basal channel and those of its corresponding surface depression were statistically analyzed. Then, the changes of the basal channels of Getz Ice Shelf were derived from the ICESat observations and REMA digital elevation models (DEMs). After a detailed analysis of the factors affecting the basal channel changes, we found that the basal channels of Getz Ice Shelf were mainly concentrated in the eastern of the ice shelf, and most of them belonged to the ocean-sourced basal channel. From 2009 to 2016, the total length of the basal channel has increased by approximately 60 km. Affected by the warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), significant changes in the basal channel occurred in the middle reaches of the Getz Ice Shelf. The change of the basal channels at the edge of the Getz Ice Shelf is significantly weaker than that in its middle and upper reaches. Especially in 2005–2012, the eastward wind on the ocean wind field and the westward wind around the continental shelf caused the invasion and upwelling of CDW. Meanwhile, the continuous warming of deep seawater also caused the deepening of the basal channel. During from 2012 to 2020, the fluctuations of the basal channels seem to be caused by the changes in temperature of CDW.     

开封大相国寺游憩价值TCIA分析

将传统的评估自然资源、环境资源经济价值的方法用于佛教文化旅游资源经济价值的评估中.以河南开封大相国寺为例,采用旅游费用区间分析法(TCIA)设计出其游憩价值的评估路线,在实地问卷调查的基础上,运用SPSS统计分析技术,评估大相国寺的游憩价值,得出大相国寺2011年的游憩价值为1.49亿元.运用这一结果对大相国寺资源管理决策和资源补偿提供一定的参考,对其维修、保护与发展提供有益的帮助,同时为佛教文化旅游资源的价值评估提供可参照的样本,为佛教文化旅游资源的发掘、管理和补偿提供积极的参考.     

利用IP传输技术改造武汉数字遥测地震台网系统

介绍如何利用IP通讯协议,通过Internet网络,实现改造地震台站观测设备与武汉数字遥测地震台网系统的信息集成。改造后的武汉数字遥测地震台网系统,提高了数字化资料高效性,满足了科学传递运行模式的需求,降低了台网传输故障率,减少了后期维护的人力和物力的投入。