中原经济区科技创新体系建设研究

依据中原经济区建设目标和产业技术需求导向,通过对国内有关经济区创新内容的调研,提出中原经济区科技创新体系构建包括以下主要内容:坚持以粮为基础,加强生态和环境建设;以农业现代化为基础,以新兴工业化为支撑,以新型城镇化为引领,积极推进“三化”协调发展;围绕产业聚集区建设优化配置创新资源,有效提高创新效率;加强中原经济区内外创新资源统筹协调,推动创新合作与开放;攻克一批重大关键核心技术,建立现代产业发展技术群,构建现代产业体系;建立中原经济区科技创新示范区,提高创新集聚和辐射能力.     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.     

1960-2009年横断山区潜在蒸发量时空变化(英文)

Based on the meteorological data of 20 stations in the Hengduan Mountains region during 1961-2009, the annual and seasonal variation of potential evapotranspiration was analyzed in combination with the Penman-Monteith model. With the method of Spline interpolation under ArcGIS, the spatial distribution of potential evapotranspiration was presented to research the regional difference, and the correlation analysis was used to discuss the dominant factor affecting the potential evapotranspiration. The results indicated that the an-nual potential evapotranspiration showed a decreasing tendency since the 1960s, especially from the 1980s to 1990s, while it showed an increasing tendency since 2000. Regional potential evapotranspiration showed a rate of -0.17 mm a?1. Potential evapotranspiration in north, middle and south of the Hengduan Mountains exhibited decreasing trends over the studied period, and its regional trend was on the decline from southwest to northeast.     

SRG剖分编码与地理坐标的转换算法研究

提出一种基于SRG剖分方法的剖分编码与经纬度坐标之间的转换算法,不涉及任何投影变换,计算过程只需加、减、乘、除简单算术运算,计算速度快,且SRG剖分编码本身就具有固定的方向性,利于邻近搜索。算法中采用坐标系辅助区分一些难以区分的菱形块,降低了转化误码率,进而提高了转换的精度。     

沧州市产业结构分析与区域发展战略

利用改进的静态、动态偏离份额分析模型(SSM),分析沧州市三次产业结构及其演进情况.结果表明,沧州市第一产业基础好、竞争力强;第二产业相对基础差且缺乏竞争力;第三产业基础差但发展快,有竞争优势.1993年以来,沧州市出现一定的产业结构升级现象,但仍不尽合理,第二产业的长期落后对该市发展形成掣肘.对三次产业内部结构进行分析,提出沧州市区域发展战略:调整农业内部结构,推动第一产业现代化;全面振兴第二产业,走新型工业化道路;充分利用第三产业的竞争优势,继续壮大现代服务业;促进综合大港升级,大力发展临港经济.     

High Asia cryospheric observation: a proposed network under Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW)

In coordination with Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) initiated by World Meteorology Administration (WMO), a regional observation network is proposed based on existing stations/sites over High Asia and cryospheric elements required by GCW. Thus, High Asian Cryosphere (HAC) network is preliminary designed, composing of seven "supersites", each containing several reference sites. The network covers major mountain ranges in High Asia, such as East Tianshan, Qilian, Tanggula, Nyainqentanglha, Himalayas as well as the central and eastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Although multiple cryospheric elements were observed at the existing HAC network, many others, which are required by Integrated Global Observation System-Cryosphere Theme (IGOS-Cryosphere), are not yet included. More comprehensive observations are necessary to be included into "supersites" of HAC, so that the basic requirements for validation of satellite data, assimilation and coupled regional models can be met.     

Why does the Antarctic Peninsula Warm in climate simulations?

The Antarctic Peninsula has warmed significantly since the 1950s. This pronounced and isolated warming trend is collectively captured by 29 twentieth-century climate hindcasts participating in the version 3 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. To understand the factors driving warming trends in the hindcasts, we examine trends in Peninsula region’s atmospheric heat budget in every simulation. We find that atmospheric latent heat release increases in nearly all hindcasts. These increases are generally anthropogenic in origin, and account for about 60% of the ensemble-mean warming trend in the Peninsula. They are driven primarily by well-understood features of the anthropogenic intensification of global hydrological cycle. As sea surface temperature increases, moisture contained in atmospheric flows increases. When such flows are forced to ascend the Peninsula’s topography, enhanced local latent heat release results. The mechanism driving the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula is therefore clear in the models. Evidence for a similar mechanism operating in the real world is seen in the increasing snow accumulation rates inferred from ice cores drilled in the Peninsula. However, the relative importance of this mechanism and other processes previously identified as potentially causing the observed warming, such as the recent sea ice retreat in the Bellingshausen Sea, is difficult to assess. Thus the relevance of the simulated warming mechanism to the observed warming is unclear, in spite of its robustness in the models.     

近30a龙羊峡水库周边地区沙漠化遥感监测

在RS和GIS支持下,选取4期遥感数据,采用室内解译和野外检验修正的方法,获得龙羊峡水库周边地区不同时期土地沙漠化数据库.结果显示,在过去30 a中,龙羊峡水库周边地区土地的沙漠化在时间上经历了一般发展到正在逆转两个阶段;2000年以后,极重度沙漠化土地和重度沙漠化土地变化最为明显,均呈现逆转趋势,其中极重度沙漠化逆转为其他类型的总面积为145.90 km2,重度沙漠化土地逆转为中度沙漠化面积为146.44km2;在沙漠化土地的空间分布上,过去30 a里,沙漠化土地主要集中分布在龙羊峡两岸的塔拉滩和木格滩地区;研究区内沙漠化的逆转主要是由重度和极重度沙漠化土地转变为中度和轻度沙漠化土地.1975-1989年,研究区的降水呈增加趋势,但是由于这一时期人为因素的影响,沙漠化呈不断加剧的态势;1989-2000年,研究区的气候趋向于暖干化,加上过度放牧等人为因素,重度和极重度沙漠化土地持续发展;2000年以后,研究区的气候趋向于暖湿化,政府实施了一系列生态环境保护、恢复计划,沙化土地呈现逆转的态势.     

淮北地区2010年4月异常低温气候特征及成因分析

利用1961—2010年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和4月淮北地区气温资料,用累积距平(CA)法、合成分析法对淮北地区气温的时空分布特征以及2010年4月淮北地区持续冷气候背景进行分析。文章分析了淮北地区4月冷、暖年的大气环流异常及要素场的空间分布特征。结果表明:淮北地区4月气温的年代际变化特征明显,在1990年前后发生了突变。贝加尔湖南部,100°E以东的华北地区中低层的冷空气活动与淮北地区4月气温高低存在很好的相关性,该地中低层冷空气强(弱),淮北地区4月气温低(高)。冷暖年,乌拉尔山暖脊、东亚大槽、西伯利亚高压等差异显著,说明以上是影响淮北地区4月气温异常的关键系统。另据分析,El Nino与淮北地区4月气温异常也具有很好的相关性。     

沈阳市近50a 10℃活动积温变化特征分析

通过对沈阳近半个世纪10℃ 活动积温不同尺度的年际间、年代际间、极值等数量变化、升幅变化、降幅变化、形态变化的特征分析,得出了若干具有农业生物学意义的、带有标识性意义的不同级别的气候特征值。首次详细地分析了沈阳不同等级的积温数量、积温振幅、积温极值等,从宏观趋势形态特征到微观数值解析,解释了具有不同农业潜力、不同热量潜势及不同类型、不同气候组合的、多极化的高热量年、低热量年及他们的变化特点。结果表明:在50 a的长时间序列中,1998年为典型的高热量年,当年的积温量值4 010.6℃·d为历史第一,积温正距平值502.6℃;积温垂直升幅635.9℃为历史第一;积温升幅极差598.7℃·d为历史第一;当年创12万hm²水稻平均产量7 935 kg/ hm²的大丰收记录。1972年为典型的低温冷害年,其积温量值2 923.8℃·d为历史最低,积温负距平值584.2℃;积温垂直降幅684.9℃·d为历史最低;积温降幅极差647.3℃·d为历史第一。当年全市大面积水稻大歉收,平均只达2 954 425 kg/hm²。