现代测量数据显示交互技术研究

介绍完成图像数据输出的有关算法,并主要讨论了交互技术的理论和方法,为最终实现测量数据可视化提供了技术基础。     

Impact of GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases on satellite clock corrections

GLONASS carrier phase and pseudorange observations suffer from inter-channel biases (ICBs) because of frequency division multiple access (FDMA). Therefore, we analyze the effect of GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases on the GLONASS clock corrections. Different Analysis Centers (AC) eliminate the impact of GLONASS pseudorange ICBs in different ways. This leads to significant differences in the satellite and AC-specific offsets in the GLONASS clock corrections. Satellite and AC-specific offset differences are strongly correlated with frequency. Furthermore, the GLONASS pseudorange ICBs also leads to day-boundary jumps in the GLONASS clock corrections for the same analysis center between adjacent days. This in turn will influence the accuracy of the combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning (PPP) at the day-boundary. To solve these problems, a GNSS clock correction combination method based on the Kalman filter is proposed. During the combination, the AC-specific offsets and the satellite and AC-specific offsets can be estimated. The test results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed clock combination method. The combined clock corrections can effectively weaken the influence of clock day-boundary jumps on combined GPS/GLONASS kinematic PPP. Furthermore, these combined clock corrections can improve the accuracy of the combined GPS/GLONASS static PPP single-day solutions when compared to the accuracy of each analysis center alone.     

基于ArcGIS Server的医院网络地理信息服务系统

为解决目前医院地理信息服务系统在信息共享、空间分析等方面的不足,采用ArcGIS Server组件、C#编程语言、SQL Server数据库研发了医院网络地理信息服务系统。该系统以天地图作为基础地理数据,融合医院空间与医疗信息,并部署到互联网环境中。除具有医疗专题信息的网络浏览与查询外,系统还实现了诸多空间分析、地学统计等功能,既可为市民就医提供更全面的信息查询,又可为医疗事故的突发与应急提供技术支撑。     

粗精匹配结合的矢量道路辅助惯性导航算法

针对无源环境下无法采用卫星导航定位方式对惯性导航系统的累积误差进行修正的问题,提出一种采用高精度的矢量道路数据进行粗精匹配的导航校正算法。该方法首先通过分析惯导轨迹的特征标示点以及外接矩形,剔除明显的误匹配道路和冗余道路,获取待匹配道路集合;进而,结合ICCP算法具有匹配精度较高,匹配结果较稳定的优点,完成惯导轨迹位置误差的补偿和校正;最后,根据匹配方差和历史匹配轨迹对匹配结果的准确性进行分析和判断。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够提高惯性导航定位误差的校正精度,减少在复杂道路交叉口等情况的误匹配。     

一种利用影像多尺度特征的DOM不可见水印方法

数字正射影像是测绘地理信息服务的基础数据之一。根据生产单位数据现状和对遥感影像数字水印的需求,本文综合利用影像的光谱、纹理和属性特征,提出了利用影像多尺度特征的DOM不可见水印方法。该方法首先结合小波分解和Harris特征算子提取影像多尺度特征,确定多水印的最佳嵌入区域;再利用扩频化的DWT算法嵌入不可见数字水印;最后利用影像属性信息辅助提取水印。本文从主观分析、客观分析和鲁棒性分析3个方面评价了嵌入水印影像,分析结果表明,该方法能够自动、有效地在DOM上嵌入多个不可见数字水印,多水印嵌入和影像属性信息相结合提取水印的策略极大提高了水印鲁棒性和水印检测成功率,可以满足实际生产对水印不可见性、安全性、高效性和鲁棒性的要求。     

面向多层次公众认知需求的土地利用规划信息重构模型

针对规划公示信息的多层次公众认知需求,利用本体思想解析土地利用规划信息,构建有向图为框架的信息重构模型;设计模型要素的关系数据结构,实现基于图遍历的信息检索与语义表达算法。以海南省昌江黎族自治县土地利用总体规划成果(2006～2020年)为实例,验证了模型的有效性。     

Generating GPS satellite fractional cycle bias for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

With the development of precise point positioning (PPP), the School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG) at Wuhan University is now routinely producing GPS satellite fractional cycle bias (FCB) products with open access for worldwide PPP users to conduct ambiguity-fixed PPP solution. We provide a brief theoretical background of PPP and present the strategies and models to compute the FCB products. The practical realization of the two-step (wide-lane and narrow-lane) FCB estimation scheme is described in detail. With GPS measurements taken in various situations, i.e., static, dynamic, and on low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the quality of FCB estimation and the effectiveness of PPP ambiguity resolution (AR) are evaluated. The comparison with CNES FCBs indicated that our FCBs had a good consistency with the CNES ones. For wide-lane FCB, almost all the differences of the two products were within ±0.05 cycles. For narrow-lane FCB, 87.8 % of the differences were located between ±0.05 cycles, and 97.4 % of them were located between ±0.075 cycles. The experimental results showed that, compared with conventional ambiguity-float PPP, the averaged position RMS of static PPP can be improved from (3.6, 1.4, 3.6) to (2.0, 1.0, 2.7) centimeters for ambiguity-fixed PPP. The average accuracy improvement in the east, north, and up components reached 44.4, 28.6, and 25.0 %, respectively. A kinematic, ambiguity-fixed PPP test with observation of 80 min achieved a position accuracy of better than 5 cm at the one-sigma level in all three coordinate components. Compared with the results of ambiguity-float, kinematic PPP, the positioning biases of ambiguity-fixed PPP were improved by about 78.2, 20.8, and 65.1 % in east, north, and up. The RMS of LEO PPP test was improved by about 23.0, 37.0, and 43.0 % for GRACE-A and GRACE-B in radial, tangential, and normal directions when AR was applied to the same data set. These results demonstrated that the SGG FCB products can be produced with high quality for users anywhere around the world to carry out ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.     

基于偏移四叉树投票的“大尺寸”点状符号多尺度无压盖可视化

为解决Web 2.0环境下点状符号地图混搭中的制图问题,本文研究并实现了一种可100%避免压盖的"大尺寸"点符号高效可视化方法。该方法的核心思想是四叉树网格单选,采用网格平移对多次单选结果投票来计算符号在各缩放级别的显著性等级,可解决符号在相邻网格的空间冲突。该过程不需要显式探测冲突,因而处理效率极高。随着地图放大,重要性较低的符号也逐级显现,实现了语义层次的多尺度表达。针对符号和网格大小比率关系、有效网格平移方案及图面利用率不足问题提出两种扩展:格网增选和多级符号叠加。对方法的可行性进行了试验验证,并分析了该方法在用户查询条件改变下的稳定性和不同数据量下的伸缩性(非优化实现可达到105量级数据的亚秒级处理)。     

基于DEM的彩色地貌晕渲的制作

本文围绕计算机环境下数字地貌晕渲实现的理论与技术展开了探讨,论述了数字地貌晕渲的相关理论,介绍了数字地貌彩色晕渲色彩设计的基本方法,对数字地貌晕渲的技术过程进行了深入研究。     

陆面温度反演算法——劈窗算法的敏感度分析

首先给出ＣＯ２ 倍增下遥感光合作物产量的概念模型,之后分析未受ＣＯ２ 倍增的遥感光合作物产量估测模型;在考虑ＣＯ２ 倍增对作物产量的影响后,对影响干物质累积的作物光合速率的模型进行修正,进而修正遥感光合作物产量估测模型。建立ＣＯ２ 倍增下作物产量响应模型,求取各参数,并在ＣＯ２ 倍增下对我国华北地区冬小麦产量响应进行填图,表明模型的估测结果有良好的可比性。