Utilization of water resources,ecological balance and land desertification in the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

Because of the human exploitation and utilization of water resources in the Tarim Basin, the water resources consumption has changed from mainly natural ecosystem to artificial oasis ecosystem, and the environment has changed correspondingly. The basic changes are: desertification and oasis development coexist, both “the human being advance and the desert retreat” and “the desert advance and the human being retreat” coexist, but the latter is dominant. In the upper reaches, water volume drawing to irrigated agricultural areas has increased, artificial oases have been enlarging and moving from the deltas in the lower reaches of many rivers to the piedmont plains. In the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the stream flow has decreased, old oases have declined, natural vegetations have been degenerating, desertification has been enlarging, and the environment has deteriorated. The transition regions, which consist of forestlands, grasslands and waters between the desert and the oases, have been decreasing continuously, their shelter function to the oases has been weakened, and the desert is threatening the oases seriously.     

Coupling analysis of surface runoff variation with atmospheric teleconnection indices in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Changes in surface runoff and its coupling relationship with atmospheric circulation have been an ongoing focus of climate change research. In this study, the...     

Exportation of coseismic deposits in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake

Coseismic deposits are easily transported outside of valleys, thereby inflicting damage through debris flows or aggregating and elevating riverbeds in the fluvial network. The evolution of coseismic deposits is crucial for predicting the sediment transport capacity and export time for managing postseismic geohazards; however, this evolution remains unclear. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of coseismic deposits due to rainfall is quantified at the valley scale to further obtain the sediment transport capacity. The results show that the relative average thickness predominantly controls the evolution pattern of the coseismic deposits. The sediment transport capacity, which is primarily influenced by rainfall conditions and topography, can be drastically increased by dam breaching and channel narrowing. Moreover, the computed export time, which significantly varies with the spatiotemporal distribution of deposits and the local climate, ranges from 2 to 80 years in the areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. This study contributes to providing scientific guidelines for efficiently managing postseismic geohazards and planning for disaster mitigation.

     

一种高效的三维GIS数据库引擎设计与实现

针对大规模三维城市建模与数据库协同应用,设计实现了一种高效的三维GIS数据库引擎,支持基于Oracle 11g的多模式数据库管理;提出了顾及语义的三维空间数据库模型,为地上下室内外三维空间数据的一体化组织管理奠定了基础。介绍了该引擎涉及的多层次三维空间索引、多级缓存、多线程调度以及异步通信传输等关键技术,并用武汉市三维城市模型数据进行了试验分析,验证了该引擎的有效性和可靠性。     

南京测绘成果数据质量评定系统的设计与实现

本文依据测绘成果质量检查与验收的相关规定,结合南京的测绘产品质量管理的实际情况,实现了检验方案的制定、质量检查、质量评价等工作流程,达到了质量评定的规范化管理的目的,实现质量评定成果统一化、规则化和标准化,具有较广泛的推广应用价值。     

Tidal effects on temperature front in the Yellow Sea

Temperature front (TF) is one of the important features in the Yellow Sea, which forms in spring, thrives in summer, and fades in autumn as thermocline declines. TF intensity ⋎S _T ⋎ is defined to describe the distribution of TF. Based on the MASNUM wave-tide-circulation coupled model, temperature distribution in the Yellow Sea was simulated with and without tidal effects. Along 36°N, distribution of TF from the simulated results are compared with the observations, and a quantitative analysis is introduced to evaluate the tidal effects on the forming and maintaining processes of the TF. Tidal mixing and the circulation structure adapting to it are the main causes of the TF. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. G1999043809) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 49736190).     

历次核试验进入海洋的~(137)Cs对中国近海影响的模拟研究

1945年以来,世界各主要核国家进行了数千次核试验,这些核试验产生的绝大部分放射性物质通过多种途径进入海洋,对海洋环境造成放射性污染。本文建立了一个准全球海洋的放射性物质输运和扩散数值模式,通过数值模拟手段评估了历史核试验释放的放射性物质137 Cs对中国近海海洋环境的影响。本文借助前人工作评估了核试验释放137Cs进入海洋的途径和总量;通过比较模拟结果与观测资料,表明本文建立的放射性物质模式能够较好地模拟出137Cs在中国近海及其邻近海域的分布情况和随时间演变特征;模拟结果表明中国近海里的137Cs浓度在20世纪50年代中期达到最大,其中吕宋海峡海域137Cs浓度最高,达80.99Bq/m3;进一步分析了2011年3月份日本福岛核事故前中国近海137Cs浓度分布状况,2011年整个中国近海137Cs浓度介于1.0~1.6Bq/m3间,且其浓度垂向分布较均匀,相对封闭的南海浓度略高于其他海域。     

山东荣成天鹅湖沙坝水下岸坡地貌冲淤演变分析

山东荣成天鹅湖是一个典型的潟湖-沙坝系统。自20世纪80年代以来, 因受人类活动的影响, 天鹅湖环境系统发生了改变, 沙坝侵蚀后退严重。研究水下岸坡的冲淤对于认识潟湖-沙坝系统演变, 以及保护天鹅湖环境具有重要意义。本文以天鹅湖东侧沙坝水下岸坡为研究区域, 基于1960年至2014年的海图资料, 采用地理信息技术, 获得了天鹅湖东侧近岸海域多年水深数据, 进而分析了1960年以来天鹅湖东侧沙坝地区的等深线变化、冲淤变化以及固定剖面的地形变化。结果表明: 1960—1980年等深线整体向海推移, 而1980—2014年等深线向海推移趋势变缓, 1960—2014年潮汐通道口门处0m等深线向岸退缩了126.70m。天鹅湖水下岸坡在1960—1980年整体处于淤积的状态, 年淤积率为3.60cm∙a^-1; 1980—2014年侵蚀面积显著增大, 且呈现冲淤相间分布的特点, 年淤积率为0.79cm·a^-1。天鹅湖沙坝水下岸坡呈现上陡下缓的形态, 且潮汐通道口门北侧比南侧更易受到侵蚀。人类活动改变了天鹅湖的环境状态, 导致了天鹅湖水下岸坡的局部侵蚀后退。     

中国地球观测遥感卫星发展现状及文献分析

作为全媒体理念下的新媒介,遥感影像在时间和空间上极大拓展延伸了人类的感知能力。在分析国内外遥感和新闻结合探索的基础上,提出了遥感新闻学这一交叉学科方向,阐述了遥感与新闻结合后,遥感新闻具有突破视觉时空限制与频谱限制、多尺度揭示规律和保证新闻客观性方面的优势。遥感新闻学的科学问题是研究遥感数据对新闻主题可实现、创建遥感新闻的叙事机制和镜头画面语言体系;遥感新闻学的技术问题是构建新闻任务驱动的遥感链式服务模式、保证遥感数据质量以及提升遥感新闻主题表现力等。结合新华社卫星新闻实验室在遥感新闻生产中的技术应用,发现了高效影像获取、便捷直观取证、时序影像提取、镜头语言创新是当下遥感新闻传播中的突出表现。