西太平洋上层海水溶解甲烷浓度及碳同位素特征研究

对西太平洋上层海水溶解甲烷浓度的研究结果表明，该海域海水甲烷相对于大气甲烷是强烈过饱和的。甲烷浓度及碳同位素组成特征表明这部分甲烷为生物成因。该海域海－气交换过程中甲烷通量在０．７～１０．４ｎｍｏｌｍ－２ｓ－１，明显高于其它开放海域。     

六安陆面蒸发场大土体原型化蒸渗仪实验研究

介绍了六安陆面蒸发实验场开展的大土体原型化蒸渗仪实验研究，阐述了该实体设计思路与原理、结构及功能扩展的特点、观测系统及分辨精度等，供水文、水资源研究参考。     

三峡链子崖危岩体非线性动力响应分析

采用非线性有限元法研究岩质边坡的动力响应问题，模拟了软弱夹层的材料非线性及断层或裂缝的接触问题，假定岩块弹性体，推导了非线性动力响应迭代格式并编制了适于岩质边坡动力响应分析的三维非线性有限元程序，利用该程序对三峡链子崖危岩体进行了动力响应分析，得出了一些有价值的结论，计算结果与模型试验结果基本相符，证明本文数值计算的正确性。     

BP模型的原理及其气象应用

结合气象应用简要介绍人工神经元网络ＢＰ模型的原理和方法，对其在气象预测中的应用经验作了评述。     

Climatic variations in the past 140 ka recorded in core RM, east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

The sequences of climatic evolution are reconstructed by the analyses of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of carbonate from core RM in the Zoige Basin since 140 kaB. P. During the Last Glaciation there existed at least seven warm climatic fluctuations and five cold events correlated with the records of ice core and deep sea, and during the preceding last interglacial period there were two cold climatic variations coinciding with the record of ice core GRIP. These results de-pict climatic instability in east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau over the last interglacial period. In addition, the environmental proxies of the carbonate content and pigments indicate the similar results to the stable isotope record from core RM. Project supported by the Chinese Climbing Project (85-029-02-01).     

中国东部古生界沉积-改造型铁矿床地质及成生机制

中国东部古生界沉积—改造型铁矿床含矿岩系基本上由细碎屑—碳酸盐岩组成,而且常与富铁白云岩共生。矿体产状多与围岩一致,呈沉积整合接触。矿床中普遍发育有后生“再造”型矿体,呈脉状叠加在层状矿体之上,有明显的穿层现象。 海解作用是沉积成矿的重要因素,再造成矿作用是在沉积富铁碳酸盐建造的基础上发生富铁碳酸盐矿物的重溶,铁质被搬运、迁移,最后在碱性或偏碱性围岩中重新沉淀出来。     

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND REFRACTIVE INDEX AND SURFACE ALBEDO FROM RADIANCE—PART II: APPLICATION

This paper presents and analyzes experimental results in simultaneous determination of atmospheric colum-nar aerosol size distribution, refractive index and surface albedo by use of the radiance data in almucantar measured by a radiometer. 32 groups of data measured in Beijing during winter show that the imaginary part of refractive index for 0.6943 μm wavelength ranges from 0.022 to 0.079 with a mean of 0.0527. The mean real part and surface albedo are 1.537 and 0.287, respectively. The imaginary part was found to be less in autumn than that in winter, especially after raining. For 0.399 μm and 0.6943 μm wavelengths, the mean sur-face albedos are 0.101 and 0.222, and the mean imaginary parts are 0.0241 and 0.0129, respectively.     

Oil-source correlations of the lower tertiary in the Dongtai sag of the Subei Basin

A series of biomarkers is used to explore the bio-inputs of source rocks and oils. Oils from the Dongtai sag of the Subei Basirr are characterized by abundant gammacerane and 4-methyl steranes. Both Ef⁴ and Ef² source shales contain type-II₁ kerogen. Ef⁴ is different from Ef² in biomarker distribution and generated oil. The former has higher Pr/Ph and 4-methyl sterane/sterane ratios, but the latter has more abundant β-carotane. The presence of immature oils and source rocks in the Hai’an depression indicates that the immature oils are of commercial value.     

产子坪铀矿床成因机制的同位素地质学研究

根据铀-铅同位素体系演化特征以及氧、硫同位素组成资料,提出本铀矿床的铀源是多源的,而主要铀源来自地层本身。成矿溶液是变质水和大气降水的混合体系。本矿床的成矿过程经历了成岩阶段的预富集,加里东褶皱变质时的初富集以及发生在75±4、43±7和22±2百万年时的多次铀矿化迭加再富集作用。这些作用过程与区域地质构造发展史有密切联系。因此,我们认为该矿床为多源、晚期多次迭加作用形成的层控铀矿床。     

高岭石-多水高岭石演化系列的热谱特征

高岭石-多水高岭石演化系列共包括四种矿物:结晶良好的高岭石、结晶差的或b轴无序的高岭石、7Å多水高岭石和10Å多水高岭石。我们将结晶良好的高岭石和10Å多水高岭石分别视为这一演化系列的两个端元矿物,其余两种矿物则是演化系列的中间矿物。该系列中的矿物同属于1:1型含水的层状铝硅酸盐矿物,因而它们的化学成分基本相同,主要差别是在晶体结构上由于单位结构层沿c轴彼此堆叠的方式而引起从有序向无序变化,同时层间键力的减弱引起水分子进入,促使层间水的含量逐渐增大。基于以上特征,这一系列中的四种类型矿物受热以后的热效应很灵敏,详细研究它们在加热脱水过程中的变化规律,可以加深对矿物特性的认识和鉴别。