利用液态磷渣制备乳浊玻璃

为实现炼磷排放的高温液态磷渣的热能、物质的同步回收利用, 并消除其环境污染问题, 通过现场试验, 以高温液态磷渣为主要原料, 直接与16.5%的石英粉和8.5%的高岭土热配合, 再经1450℃熔炼、浇铸成型和850℃乳化热处理, 制得了乳浊玻璃板材.磷渣乳浊玻璃的抗折强度为43.68MPa, 耐酸性为0.51%, 耐碱性为0.04%, 能满足建筑装饰材料的质量要求.ESEM、XRD和EDS分析结果共同表明, 母玻璃的乳浊机理在于主体玻璃中析出了富Ca元素的粒径为0.1~0.4μm的非晶质球形颗粒.由于高温液态磷渣掺量高达75%, 改性剂掺量低且成本低廉, 生产线易于配置, 本研究具有较高的工业化生产可行性、较佳的经济效益和应用前景.      

应用TEM资料分析麻黄泉地区地层结构及沉积环境

为了在酒东盆地中寻找隐伏的砂岩型铀矿,需要研究麻黄泉地区的地层结构及沉积环境.通过开展瞬变电磁测量及相应的数据处理,建立了该区视电阻率与不同岩性的对应关系,根据岩性视电阻率差异,划分了盆地基底构造单元,确定测区存在3个大的视电阻率电性层,解释出沉积中心和冲积扇的空间位置.结合砂岩型铀矿的控矿因素,认为解释的斜坡区及冲积扇可作为下一步开展找矿工作的重点地段.     

浙江省湖州地区地热资源储存特征及开发利用方向分析

湖州地区地处杭嘉湖平原,地热资源开发具有良好的前提条件。以往的地质勘查工作中,由于上部白垩系和侏罗系较厚,对深部钻探控制程度不够,影响了该区地热资源的开发利用。在分析该区地层、含水层,特别是断裂构造的基础上,对区内的热储特征进行了研究,指出:区内热源主要来自区域大地热流;盖层主要为分布连续是,且受断裂构造影响相对较少的侏罗系及白垩系;热储层有二叠系长兴组、栖霞组,石炭系船组、黄龙组以灰岩为主的灰岩热储和由泥盆系五通组、志留系茅口组砂岩组成的砂岩热储;热储通道为区内发育的深大断裂及其次生构造。构建了区域地热模式。根据地热赋存状态、盖层条件等,结合当前地热开发现状,将湖州地区划分为四个地热分区,认为Ⅲ区地热开发条件为最好,是首选区域,以控制层状热储(石炭、二叠系灰岩)为主;Ⅱ区次之;Ⅰ区断裂发育,缺乏有效盖层条件,若开发地热资源,则应以寻找深层对流型热储(深大断裂)为主;Ⅳ区因盖层厚度偏大,地质情况不明,现阶段开发地热资源需慎重。该研究对指导下一阶段区域性地热勘查工作具有重要意义。     

Middle Permian radiolarians from Anmenkou, Chaohu, Northeastern Yangtze platform, China

The biostratigraphy of the Middle Permian Gufeng Formation in the northeastern Yangtze platform is examined based on radiolarians. This study is concentrated on the Anmenkou section in the Chaohu area of Anhui Province, China. The Gufeng Formation is divided into the Phosphate Nodule-bearing Mudstone Member (PNMM) and the Siliceous Rock Member (SRM) in ascending order. The former primarily consists of mudstone including abundant phosphate nodules, and the latter consists mainly of alternating beds of chert, siliceous mudstone and mudstone, with intercalations of porous chert. Ammonoids in the mudstone of the lower PNMM are Wordian. Chert, siliceous mudstone and mudstone of the SRM include abundant radiolarians with sponge spicule assemblages suggestive of the Wordian–Capitanian. Albaillellaria are predominant in the lower SRM, while Entactinaria and Spumellaria are predominant in the middle and upper SRM. These radiolarians correspond to three radiolarian assemblage zones: Pseudoalbaillella longtanensis – Pseudoalbaillella fusiformis , Follicucullus monacanthus , and Follicucullus scholasticus – Ruzhencevispongus uralicus . The assemblage of radiolarians and sponge spicule fauna suggests a depositional depth of 150–500 m. The radiolarian fauna of the Gufeng Formation is considered to be representative of the relatively shallow, tropical radiolarian fauna of the Middle Permian eastern Paleotethys.     

太行山东麓滹沱河出山处新生代沉积相与地貌结构

研究区在大地构造上处于山西台背斜上的五台隆起与辽冀台向斜内的博野拗陷之间的过渡地区,在地貌上位于太行山地与华北大平原之间的过渡带、滹沱河及其主要(右岸)支流冶河出山口地区,是一片点缀有残山的宽广的山前夷平面与冲洪积扇。     

滨里海盆地东缘石炭系KT-Ⅰ油层组白云岩地球化学特征

哈萨克斯坦滨里海盆地东缘上石炭统KT-Ⅰ油层组主要发育局限海台地-开阔海台地碳酸盐沉积,间夹蒸发岩层。由于区域性白云石化作用,KT-Ⅰ油层组中白云岩广泛分布,为主要油气储集层。研究表明,白云岩中白云石为泥晶、粉晶或细晶,半自形-他形;略富钙,有序度较低(0.336～0.504);δ¹⁸O_PDB值在-1.06‰～+2.45‰之间,比石炭纪海水(δ¹⁸O_PDB值介于-1‰～-2‰之间)偏正;δ¹³C_PDB值在+3.36‰～+5.94‰之间,与石炭纪海水(δ¹³C_PDB值介于+3.1‰～+4.7‰之间)接近;锶同位素值接近石炭纪海水(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值在0.7082～0.7088之间);微量元素Mn含量平均为92.57 μg/g,Fe含量平均为447.52 μg/g,接近被交代的灰岩含量;Na和K含量的平均值分别为198.80 μg/g 和5.89 μg/g,显示交代流体为蒸发海水。上述岩石学和地球化学资料表明,研究区石炭系KT-Ⅰ油层组白云岩具有渗透-回流机理白云岩的特征。     

Effect of rain enrichment on soil respiration of Nitraria sphaerocarpa community in a hyperarid area

In order to analyze the effect of rain enrichment on soil respiration rate of a Nitraria sphaerocarpa community, we measured soil respiration rate in bare and vegetated areas in a hyperarid area （Dunhuang） during the growing season. Results show that rain enrichment can increase bare and vegetated soil respiration rates. The more rainfall enrichment, the greater the increment and the longer duration time effect for soil respiration rate. 200% （16 mm） and 300% （24 mm） of rain enrichment can significantly increase bare soil respiration rates by 90% and 106% （P〈0.01）, respectively. By contrast, areas with 100% （8 mm）, 200% （16 mm） and 300% （24 mm） of rain enrichment can significantly increase shrub area respiration rates by 68%, 157% and 205% （P〈0.01）, respectively. The response time of bare and vegetated soil respiration to rainfall enrichment is asynchronous. Response variable of soil respiration in vegetated soil is higher （118%） than in bare soil. There was significant positive correlation between soil respiration rate and soil water content during the growing season （P〈0.01）. For every 1 mm increment of precipitation, soil respiration rate increased by 0.01 and 0.04 pmol/（m2.s）, respectively in vegetated and bare soils.     

关中盆地地下水系统分析与地下水资源可持续开发利用对策

关中盆地是一个完整的、相对独立的地下水系统,按含水介质的结构组合与空间分布以及地下水循环特征,文章将关中盆地地下水系统进一步划分为黄土台塬孔隙-裂隙含水系统、冲积平原孔隙含水系统、秦岭山前洪 积平原孔隙含水系统、渭北岩溶含水系统及基岩裂隙含水系统共5个亚系统和26个更次一级的子系统。在研究 各子系统水文地质特征、分析水资源开发利用现状的基础上,认为区内地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题有:地下水资源污染与浪费严重,重复利用率低;不合理开采地下水,出现负环境效应;行政区块限制,水资源宏观调配不够;地下水人工调控力度不够,不能有效地促进生态环境良性循环;对地下水资源的研究、规划和管理滞后等方面。 并针对存在的主要问题,提出了5项水资源可持续开发利用对策,包括节水对策、开源对策、改水对策、增补对策以及管理对策。     

Temporal and spatial variations in the discharge and dissolved organic carbon of drip waters in Beijing Shihua Cave,China

To detect the causal relationship between cave drip waters and stalagmite laminae, which have been used as a climate change proxy, three drip sites in Beijing Shihua Cave were monitored for discharge and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Drip discharges and DOC were determined at 0 to 14‐day intervals over the period 2004–2006. Drip discharges show two types of response to surface precipitation variations: (1) a rapid response; and (2) a time‐lagged response. Intra‐annual variability in drip discharge is significantly higher than inter‐annual variability. The content of DOC in all drip waters varies inter‐ and intra‐annually and has good correlation with drip water discharge at the rapid response sites. High DOC was observed in July and August in the three years observed. The flushing of soil organic matter is dependent upon the intensity of rain events. The DOC content of drip water increases sharply above a threshold rainfall intensity (>50 mm d^?1) and shows several pulses corresponding with intense rain events (>25 mm d^?1). The DOC content was lower and less variable during the dry period than during the rainy period. The shape of DOC peak also varies from year to year as it is influenced by the intensity and frequency of rainfall. The different drip sites show marked differences in DOC response, which are dominated by hydrological behaviour linked to the recharge of the soil and karst micro‐fissure/porosity network. The results explain why not all stalagmite laminae are consistent with climate changes and suggest that the structure of the rainy season events could be preserved in speleothems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Microseismic events enhancement and detection in sensor arrays using autocorrelation‐based filtering

Passive microseismic data are commonly buried in noise, which presents a significant challenge for signal detection and recovery. For recordings from a surface sensor array where each trace contains a time‐delayed arrival from the event, we propose an autocorrelation‐based stacking method that designs a denoising filter from all the traces, as well as a multi‐channel detection scheme. This approach circumvents the issue of time aligning the traces prior to stacking because every trace's autocorrelation is centred at zero in the lag domain. The effect of white noise is concentrated near zero lag; thus, the filter design requires a predictable adjustment of the zero‐lag value. Truncation of the autocorrelation is employed to smooth the impulse response of the denoising filter. In order to extend the applicability of the algorithm, we also propose a noise prewhitening scheme that addresses cases with coloured noise. The simplicity and robustness of this method are validated with synthetic and real seismic traces.