顾及结构特征的建筑物图形迭代凸分解方法

针对建筑物图形,该文提出了一种结合其形态表达特点的迭代凸分解方法.该方法利用Delaunay三角网提取建筑物图形凹部层次化结构和骨架线定义图形节点凹度,并依据建筑物图形直角化和简洁表达的特点选取分割线迭代消除当前图形中凹度最大节点实现图形凸分解.实验结果表明,该文方法能有效实现带洞(或岛)建筑物图形的凸分解,结果符合视...     

Alkali-rich igneous rocks and related Au and Cu large and superlarge deposits in China

The alkali-rich igneous rocks in China occur as fifteen linear distributed belts of each extending several hundreds to several thousands kilometers in length. These include most types of alkali-rich igneous rock categories discovered worldwide. The related Au, Cu large and superlarge deposits or metallogenic focus-areas include Dongping, Guilaizhuang, Yulong, etc. Direct and indirect genetic links have been found between alkali-rich igneous rocks and Au, Cu mineralization. The petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the alkali-rich igneous rocks are mainly controlled by (1) mantle enrichment, (2) strong interaction between mantle and crust, (3) lower contens of sulfur, high f _O2 and high contents of volatiles, (4) the significant turn of regional tectonic framework from compress to extension and (5) the strong change of regional lithosphere structure.     

随机模型在沈阳地区地下水位短期预测中的应用

作者应用随机模型中多元线性回归的方法建立了沈阳地区地下水位动态变化模型。沈阳地区地下水位受气象、水文、开采等因素影响,因此建立了3种地下水位短期预测模型。即:气象型、气象开采型、气象水文开采型。为使预测模型接近于地下水位的实际变化状态,作者用有效开采量来提高模型的拟合精度。通过预测成果与实测值的拟合对比,表明用多元线性回归方法对沈阳地区地下水位进行短期预测是可行的。     

基于HPS教育理念的地理教学设计研究——以“地球的历史”教学片段为例

HPS教育理念在高中地理教学过程中的融入,可以从科学史、科学哲学、科学社会学的角度出发梳理科学概念的建立过程,对教材中叙述式的概念、原理和规律作进一步科学性的说明、印证及诠释,拓宽学生的学科视野,训练其高层次思维。本文例举HPS教育理念在“地球的历史”一课中的应用,以情景导入、课堂探究、知识点小结、学生活动等环节的教学设计为切入点,帮助学生更好地了解基础地球科学知识,理解自然地理现象的过程与原理,从而探究以教材内容为中心、多种呈现方式并重、适合HPS教育理念渗透的教学过程。     

Adjustment of flood discharge capacity with varying boundary conditions in a braided reach of the Lower Yellow River

It is of necessity to investigate the adjustment of flood discharge capacity in the Lower Yellow River(LYR) because of its profound importance in sediment transport and flood control decision-making, and additionally its magnitude is influenced by the channel and upstream boundary conditions, which have significantly varied with the ongoing implementation of soil and water conservation measures in the Loess Plateau and the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The braided reach between two hydrometric stations of Huayuankou and Gaocun in the LYR was selected as the study area. Different parameters in the study reach during the period 1986–2015 were calculated, covering bankfull discharge(the indicator of flood discharge capacity), the pre-flood geomorphic coefficient(the indicator of channel boundary condition), and the previous five-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons(the indicator of incoming flow and sediment regime). Functional linkages at scales of section and reach were then developed respectively to quantitatively demonstrate the integrated effects of channel and upstream boundary conditions on the flood discharge capacity.Results show that:(1) the reach-scale bankfull discharge in the pre-dam stage(1986–1999)decreased rapidly by 50%, accompanied with severe channel aggradation and main-channel shrinkage. It recovered gradually as the geometry of main channel became narrower and deeper in the post-dam stage, with the geomorphic coefficient continuously reducing to less than 15 m-1/2.(2) The response of bankfull discharge to the channel and upstream boundary conditions varied at scales of section and reach, and consequently the determination coefficients differed for the comprehensive equations, with a smallest value at the Jiahetan station and a highest value(0.91) at reach scale. Generally, the verified results calculated using the comprehensive equations agreed well with the corresponding measured values in 2014–2015.(3) The effect of channel boundary condition was more prominent than that of upstream boundary condition on the adjustment of bankfull discharge at the Jiahetan station and the braided reach, which was proved by a larger improvement in determination coefficients for the comprehensive equations and a better performance of geomorphic coefficient on the increase of bankfull discharge.     

华南北热带11.5―2.5 ka B.P. 温度集成重建与特征分析

基于“综合-比例法”（Composite Plus Scale,CPS）,利用近年来已发表的数据集成重建我国华南北热带地区11.5―2.5 ka B.P.温度变化序列。结果表明,该地区冷暖变化可以分为三大阶段：11 500―9 500 a B.P.为全新世早期阶段;9 500―4 000 a B.P.为全新世大暖期阶段;4 000―2 500 a B.P.开始出现降温过程。功率谱和小波分析表明：华南北热带气候变化具有多时段、多尺度冷暖周期变化特征,在千年尺度上,1.3 ka和3.3~3.9 ka是其冷暖变化的主要周期。序列中可以识别出一系列气候波动事件,如8.2 ka、7.9 ka、7.1 ka、4.1 ka气候事件。交叉小波谱分析表明：ENSO对华南北热带地区温度变化有着显著影响,特别是7 ka B.P.以来其影响进一步加强。通过与其他序列的对比发现：华南北热带地区的气候变化是对全球变化的响应,但也同样存在区域差异。     

江南雨季地理区域及起止时间的客观确定

本文基于国家气象信息中心整编的全国1 675个台站观测资料以及NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料,定义了候降水指数,利用旋转正交经验函数分解(REOF)法对全国候降水的季节进程进行了诊断分析,得到了表征气候态降水逐候进程的南、北方模态及各自的时间系数,发现REOF第二模态对应降水季节进程中的江南雨季。综合考虑我国南方(31°N以南、110°E以东区域)气候态降水的候进程、降水季节进程(4-6月降水指数减去6-8月降水指数)年际变率以及雨季(4-6月降水指数)降水年际变率的一致性,客观定义了江南雨季的地理范围。利用客观划定区域内的降水指数、925hPa经向风以及西北太平洋副热带高压500hPa脊线位置3个指标,制定了判定江南雨季起止时间的方法,进而对1961-2012年江南雨季起止时间进行了客观确定,给出了江南雨季起止时间序列。本文旨在为规范江南雨季的监测提供参考和借鉴,并为其预测提供科学基础。     

融合多源重力数据构建局部高阶重力场模型

针对利用带限型径向基函数,融合航空和地面重力数据构建高阶地球重力场模型时,航空、地面重力数据的频谱信息不一致问题,该文提出残差与先验精度比较分析法,确定出了研究区域航空数据的最佳频谱范围.结果 表明:航空重力数据系统性偏差及其径向基函数展开阶次不当可分别导致±0.019m和±0.007 m的建模误差.基于此,构建了局部区域6000阶的径向基函数融合地球重力场模型CBFM2020.通过与GPS/水准数据比较,CBFM2020的精度比EGM2008、USGG2012以及仅由地面数据得到的重力场模型均有所提高.模型建立过程中航空重力数据未进行向下延拓,而是直接在原始高度与地面数据进行融合,可为局部地区高阶重力场模型的构建提供一定参考.