基于蚁群行为仿真的影像纹理分类

介绍了蚁群行为仿真的概念 ,提出蚁群行为仿真产生Tuned模板的数学模型和航空影像纹理分类的新方法。为了验证模型的正确性 ,与遗传算法作了对比试验 ,结果表明了本文方法的正确性     

近40年江苏省年平均气温异常演变及其海气背景场特征

通过1961～2000年江苏省13个站年平均气温距平场时间序列的EOF分析，探讨江苏省年平均气温异常的演变特征，并在此基础上利用合成分析，对其前期及同期500hPa高度距平场、海温距平场的特征进行研究，得到了一些对本地年平均气温有预测意义的结果。     

利用油藏地质地球化学特征综合划分含油气系统

含油气系统的划分和范围的确定关系到油气勘探的方向和有利区带的选择,油源对比是含油气系统划分的关键.在缺乏成熟烃源岩样品的情况下,须结合油气藏的地质特征和演化历史,才能科学地划分含油气系统.据中非Muglad盆地Nugara坳陷同-构造上两个油田的地质分析和原油地球化学分析,把坳陷划分为两个独立的含油气系统,不同油田属于不同的系统.这一思路可为今后复杂构造演化区和裂谷盆地含油气系统研究提供借鉴.     

基于HPS教育理念的地理教学设计研究——以“地球的历史”教学片段为例

HPS教育理念在高中地理教学过程中的融入,可以从科学史、科学哲学、科学社会学的角度出发梳理科学概念的建立过程,对教材中叙述式的概念、原理和规律作进一步科学性的说明、印证及诠释,拓宽学生的学科视野,训练其高层次思维。本文例举HPS教育理念在“地球的历史”一课中的应用,以情景导入、课堂探究、知识点小结、学生活动等环节的教学设计为切入点,帮助学生更好地了解基础地球科学知识,理解自然地理现象的过程与原理,从而探究以教材内容为中心、多种呈现方式并重、适合HPS教育理念渗透的教学过程。     

Adjustment of flood discharge capacity with varying boundary conditions in a braided reach of the Lower Yellow River

It is of necessity to investigate the adjustment of flood discharge capacity in the Lower Yellow River(LYR) because of its profound importance in sediment transport and flood control decision-making, and additionally its magnitude is influenced by the channel and upstream boundary conditions, which have significantly varied with the ongoing implementation of soil and water conservation measures in the Loess Plateau and the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The braided reach between two hydrometric stations of Huayuankou and Gaocun in the LYR was selected as the study area. Different parameters in the study reach during the period 1986–2015 were calculated, covering bankfull discharge(the indicator of flood discharge capacity), the pre-flood geomorphic coefficient(the indicator of channel boundary condition), and the previous five-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons(the indicator of incoming flow and sediment regime). Functional linkages at scales of section and reach were then developed respectively to quantitatively demonstrate the integrated effects of channel and upstream boundary conditions on the flood discharge capacity.Results show that:(1) the reach-scale bankfull discharge in the pre-dam stage(1986–1999)decreased rapidly by 50%, accompanied with severe channel aggradation and main-channel shrinkage. It recovered gradually as the geometry of main channel became narrower and deeper in the post-dam stage, with the geomorphic coefficient continuously reducing to less than 15 m-1/2.(2) The response of bankfull discharge to the channel and upstream boundary conditions varied at scales of section and reach, and consequently the determination coefficients differed for the comprehensive equations, with a smallest value at the Jiahetan station and a highest value(0.91) at reach scale. Generally, the verified results calculated using the comprehensive equations agreed well with the corresponding measured values in 2014–2015.(3) The effect of channel boundary condition was more prominent than that of upstream boundary condition on the adjustment of bankfull discharge at the Jiahetan station and the braided reach, which was proved by a larger improvement in determination coefficients for the comprehensive equations and a better performance of geomorphic coefficient on the increase of bankfull discharge.     

建筑施工控制精度与监理较差

根据工程建筑限差对建筑施工的控制的精度进行了讨论，在此基础上，对建筑施工中监理复测较差的取值做了探讨。     

固定点法GBSAR大气扰动误差改正方法研究

大气扰动是影响GBSAR观测精度的主要因素,基于固定点法的误差改正研究具有实际意义。本文基于GBSAR的IBIS-L系统获取监测区域实时位移信息,利用不同分布的固定点对位移进行了改正,得到目标点实际位移量。将改正后位移量与传统正垂线数据进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,固定点法可剔除大部分大气扰动影响,改正效果显著,且不同点位的固定点改正效果存在差异。     

利用瓦斯抽采钻孔资料和Matlab预测隐伏小断层

煤层隐伏小断层的精细探测和准确预测,对预防煤矿地质灾害性事故至关重要。基于煤矿现行施工的穿层瓦斯抽采钻孔资料,利用Matlab数值计算和图形处理功能,通过编程计算煤层(顶)底板控制点三维坐标,绘制高精度煤层等高线图、等厚线图和三维立体图,进而实现定量预测煤层隐伏小断层位置、产状和性质。煤矿实例模型计算验证了利用瓦斯抽采钻孔资料预测煤层隐伏小断层的有效性和可行性。      

柴达木盆地鄂博梁Ⅲ号构造新近系沉积环境演化及物源分析

鄂博梁Ⅲ号构造为柴达木盆地大型构造之一,其中仅新近系下油砂山组圈闭面积即可达470km²。运用近3年来在该构造东西高点钻探的鄂深1、鄂深2及鄂7共3口探井的最新资料,通过岩石学、古生物学及地球化学等综合分析,对鄂博梁Ⅲ号构造沉积环境演化和物源方向进行了系统研究,取得了不同于前人的新认识。鄂博梁Ⅲ号构造新近纪沉积环境自上干柴沟期(N₁)到狮子沟期(N₂³)是一个湖进、水体不断加深的沉积演化过程,与前期所认识的湖泊收缩、水体不断变浅的结论不同。鄂博梁Ⅲ号构造新近系沉积碎屑主要来自于阿尔金山物源区,自下而上具有较强的继承性,浅部地层受冷湖方向物源的影响而具有混源的特点。该研究取得的新成果为该区进一步勘探部署提供了理论依据,并取得了一定的勘探成效。