THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL FORCING,DISSIPATION AND NONLINEARITY ON THE SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS*

Based on the primitive equations of the atmosphere,we study the effects of external forcing.dissipation and nonlinearity on the solutions of stationary motion and non-stationary motion.The results show that the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the forced dissipative nonlinear system is essentially different from that of the adiabatic non-dissipative system,the adiabatic dissipative system,the diabatic non-dissipative system and the diabatic dissipative linear system,and that the joint action of external forcing,dissipation and nonlinearity is the source of multiple equilibria.From this we can conclude that the important actions of diabatic heating and dissipation must be considered in the models of the long-term weather and the climate.     

翁牛特东部地区基底折射资料的二维反演

本文介绍了采用相遇观测系统中全部走时分支曲线双向同时二维反演拟合法。对翁牛特东部地区的三条剖面基底折射资料二维反演，文中展示了各条剖面的理论走时对比图，射线追踪图，二维速度结构分布图，一维速度柱状图以及理论地震图。     

辽宁西部地区地震前后重力异常反映

采用高精度拉科斯特重力仪在辽宁西部地区进行多期重力重复测量，获得了较为丰富的基础资料，通过对资料的分析与研究，进一步加深了辽宁西部地区重力场变化的认识。特别是１９９４年１０月和１９９６年７月，在测区内及其附近相继发生ＭＬ４．９级和ＭＬ５．０级地震。而这两次地震为１９８８年以来在辽宁西部地区发生的最大地震。通过对该区流动重力资料空间上和时间上的研究分析，从中获得了震前重力变化的某些前兆信息。通过对该     

振动采油工艺及增产效果分析

振动采油工艺是近两年研究开发的一种物理采油新工艺，尽管起步晚，增产机理还不清楚，但它的应用效果及推广前景引起了人们的关注和重视。本文就这一工艺研究开发进展情况作了概述，地增产效果进行了分析。     

苍山5.2级地震的地形变特征及机制

运用新方法对苍山地震前后的形变资料进行了异常识别，重点分析形变异常的变化特征及机制。结果显示；（１）苍山地震是大面积应力积累、调整的结果；（２）以外围区１００－２００ｋｍ中短及短期异常为主，而震中１００ｋｍ内的近源区异常并不显著；（３）进入短期的异常标志是中短期异常出现转折或反向。     

利用洞穴石笋的δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C重建3000a以来北京地区古气候和古环境——石花洞研究系列之三

首次提出用石笋中稳定同位素记录重建由降雨量和降水气团同位素组成所反映的古气候历史，从而为研究高分辨率的古季风气候信息开辟了新的途径。利用Ｈｅｎｄｙ准则、洞穴温度、研究区水系的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值以及温度公式，证实了同位素分析结果的可靠性，ＣａＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ之间存在同位素平衡分馏。对采自石花洞的石笋样品进行了分辨率约为２５ａ的δ１８Ｏ和δ１３Ｃ的分析测量，从而得到３０００ａ以来，北京地区古气候和古环境的变化信息     

Turbulent fluxes over inhomogeneous landscape

Mesoscale surface turbulent fluxes over a complex terrain surrounded by oceans have been investigated using a 3-D numerical mesoscale model, under conditions with and without synoptic flows. The study indicated that under synoptically calm condition, the allocation and intensity of mesoscale surface turbulent fluxes (MSTFs) were greatly impacted by the thermally forced mesoscale circulation (TFMC) over mesoscale heterogeneous landscape. The max-imum values of sensible (Hs) and latent (LE) heat fluxes were located over the convergent zones and considerably im-pacted by the soil wetness (M), but did not depend strongly on the atmospheric background thermal stability (β0). The simulated results suggested that the sensible heat flux was closely proportional to the square of wind speed in the surface layer. By the action of synoptic flow, the allocation of LE was shifted to downwind, its intensity increased.     

壳幔混染作用——下扬子区早中生代玄武岩同位素地质特征

下扬子区中生代（231Ma）玄武质火山岩全岩εNd（t）值-8.62～1.92,87Sr/86Sr 值0.7074～0.7179，206Pb/204Pb值为17.786～18.323。岩石中含有前寒武纪捕虏晶锆石。研究表明玄武质岩石可能是由亏损地幔与元古宙地壳岩石混染作用的结果。     

扬子地台钾镁煌斑岩 Nd、Sr、Pb 同位素特征

扬子地台周缘钾镁煌斑岩 Nd、Sr同位素特征介于南非Ⅰ、Ⅱ型金伯利岩和西澳与北美钾镁煌斑岩两种变化趋势之间，不同岩区间同位素组成差异反映地台周边构造性质不同，Pb同位素特征表明晚太古代地幔岩石圈具U亏损特征。     

扬子与华北太宙基底差异的 Sm-Nd 同位素和 REE 新证据

本文通过对扬子崆岭杂岩和华北太华群和阜平群新太古代和古元古代斜长角闪岩、TTG片麻岩 Sm-Nd同位素和REE对比研究，讨论了同时代岩石对地壳主体增生时代、地幔性质和演化规律的揭示，表明两克拉通属不同大陆岩石圈陆块。