A discussion on the application ofb-value to the prediction of seismic tendency

In the estimation of seismic tendency, using Gutenberg-Richter’sb-value and using Hurst exponent are two commonly used methods. Based on the fractal geometry of earthquake time series, we point out that these two methods correlate to each other. In the perspective of fractional Brownian motion (FBM), an earthquake sequence withb>3/4 and that withb<3/4 have different dynamic properties. Foundation item: The MOST Project G1998040705. Contribution No. 01FE2010, Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau.     

块状硫化物矿石中硫化物的压溶和增生及成矿意义——以加拿大西部矿床为例

加拿大西部块状硫化物矿石普遍地发生过硫化物的压溶和增生。增生作用根据增生体的成分可以分为同质增生和异质增生，根据动力环境可以分为静态增生和动态增生。三晶嵌接结构可以是静态增生的产物。压溶和增生是块状硫化物矿床成岩和变质过程中的重要作用。脉石矿物的压溶可使原生矿石就地加富，硫化物的压溶可使成矿物质发生再活化。增生可促进矿质沉淀。富含硫化物的地层之所以能成为地球化学障而有利于后期热液叠加和层控矿床的形成，硫化物晶芽的增生是一种重要机制。     

地质异常理论在兰坪盆地演化中的应用

基于地质异常理论的分析，并结合兰坪盆地的地质、构造特点，充分发挥地壳升降系数法的定量化及其空间优势，对兰坪盆地地质、构造演化进行了形象、直观的表述，对进一步反演兰坪盆地独特构造格架形成的古应力场，具有十分重要的作用。     

Study on the relationship between geothermal exploitation and seismic activity in Xi’an region

Based on the analysis of the induced earthquakes in China and abroad, we get some ideas about earthquakes induced by pumping water out of a well or injecting water into a well. The induced earthquakes usually occur near the well, and they are generally small earthquakes. The earthquake sources are shallow, and they belong to the main shock-after shock type of earthquake or the swarm-type of earthquake. The magnitude and the quantity of the induced earthquakes obviously depend on the pressure and the quantity of water pumped or injected. These earthquakes happen as soon as pumping or injecting occurrence, or after ten or twenty days, they may occur at the time of injecting mud or injecting high pressure water when a well is being drilled, or at the time when the ground water is being normally exploited. A large quantity of hot water has been exploited since 1990 in Xi’an, and the quantity of water exploited has been increasing year by year, as a result the groundwater level has been dropping with the water pumped out and the water level is high in summer and low in winter. The earthquakes in Xi’an region belong to the solitary-type and they spread outside Xi’an city where the wells are concentrated but no earthquake happens. The seismic frequency and the energy released have no relation with the quantity of water exploitation or the water level in the well. It is considered that geothermal exploitation does not induce earthquakes in and around Xi’an because of its specially geological condition. Foundation item: Project sponsored by the Landslide Office of Shaanxi Province and Society of Disaster Reduction of Shaanxi Province.     

Characteristics of surface ground motions induced by blasts in jointed rock mass

An in-situ experimental program in a jointed rock mass was designed and implemented to investigate the rock joint effects on stress wave propagation. Accelerometers were placed on rock surface along three lines at 0, 45 and 90° to the predominant rock joint strike direction. Eight blasts were detonated in a charge hole drilled in the rock mass. The equivalent TNT blast weight ranged from 2.5 to 50.0 kg and the loading density (charge weight divided by the charge chamber volume) varied from 1 to 20.0 kg/m³. A fully coupled detonation with a charge weight of 25.0 kg was also exploded to study the coupling effect. The recorded data are presented and analyzed in this paper. The effects of rock joints on characteristics of stress wave propagation such as peak value attenuation, spectrum, and spatial variations are discussed.     

北祁连石居里地区Cu(Zn)-S矿床地质特征及综合成矿模式

文章主要论述了北祁连山西段石居里矿田内Ⅵ号沟、Ⅷ号沟、九个泉等矿床的基本地质特征，并与北祁连山东段老虎山地区银硐沟、猪嘴哑吧等矿床对比。结合其早古生代构造演化历史、古洋脊或弧间、弧后拉张环境确定矿床类型，将上述3个矿床归属为蛇绿岩Cu(Zn）－S型矿床（类塞浦路斯型）。建立综合成矿模式的基本要求：（1）矿床具有一定的时控性，有一定的含矿层位；（2）生长性断裂的积极参与；（3）海底火山喷发、喷气中心与次级盆地双向控制；（4）多元热流体成矿系统。     

Magnetic, Geochemical and Mineralogical Charac teristics of Soils in Qiangtang Basin, Tibet, China: Implications for Prospective Oil and Gas Land

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅｏｆｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃａｎｏｍａｌｉｅｓｏｖｅｒｏｉｌａｎｄｇａｓｆｉｅｌｄｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｋｎｏｗｎｆｏｒｓｅｖｅｒａｌｄｅｃａｄｅｓ,ｂｕｔｉｔｉｓｏｎｌｙｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｌｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｍａｇ ｎｅｔｉｃｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｓｏｉｌａｎｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｅｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｓｏｍｅｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ,ｓ…     

赤道印度洋-太平洋地区海气系统的齿轮式耦合和ENSO事件 II.数值模拟

首先应用IAP/LASG GOALS气候模式的多年积分的结果，对赤道中西太平洋和印度洋 的SST和纬向风场进行分析，发现在模式中也同样存在与观测资料分析结果相似的“印太齿 轮式耦合”。基于此，设计了赤道太平洋和印度洋海域纬向风应力异常的4组敏感性试验， 去研究太平洋和印度洋海气相互作用的联系。结果表明，在太平洋或印度洋上的大气异常 信号通过印-太齿轮组合（GIP）作为桥梁（atmospheric bridge），影响到另一地的海气 相互作用，从而将太平洋上的ENSO类年际变率信号与印度洋环流和亚洲季风纬向分量的变 化联系起来。     

热带和热带外海表温度异常与低空环流特征比较

利用旋转主分量方法（ＲＰＣ），在对西太平洋和印度洋１９８０年１月至１９８８年９月共１０５个月的月平均海表温度（ＳＳＴ）进行分析的基础上，提取热带模及高纬模两种ＳＳＴ异常（ＳＳＴＡ）分布。再通过分析同期８５０ｈＰａ，各气象要素在该两模上的投影，比较低层大气与不同纬度上ＳＳＴＡ相联系的异常特征。结果表明，无论是热带还是热带外地区，暖性ＳＳＴＡ上空均有正的水汽异常及平均流场对月平均水汽输送的异常辐合。两地区ＳＳＴＡ上空８５０ｈＰａ月平均异常的最重要差异表现在流场、高度场及温度场上。热带正ＳＳＴＡ上方８５０ｈＰａ位势高度及温度均为负距平，流场呈Ｇｉｌｌ型的气旋式异常环流。热带外正ＳＳＴＡ上方８５０ｈＰａ高度及温度均为正距平，流场则呈反气旋式异常环流。分析表明，高纬度的这种异常特征主要是由于中高纬度大气的地转性和斜压性较强所致。