基于GIS和AHP的谢桥煤矿13-1煤顶板突水危险性评价

为解决谢桥矿13-1煤层顶板突水评价难题,利用ArcGIS的空间分析功能,通过对主控因素数据进行采集及归一化处理,建立子专题图层。然后运用AHP方法确定各主控因素的权重比例,在此基础上将各个主控因素进行无量纲处理后按照权重进行复合叠置,提出煤层顶板突水危险性的分区方案。将顶板已有出（突）水数据与分区结果比较,结果表明,线性脆弱性指数法可以客观、定量、准确的评价煤层顶板突水危险性。     

结构面的剪切蠕变特性研究

岩体结构面的蠕变特性研究对解决岩石力学实际问题具有很重要的意义。本文利用水泥砂浆制作的规则齿形结构面试样进行了剪切蠕变室内试验,针对不同角度结构面试件在不同法向应力条件下的剪切蠕变特性进行了研究,并根据蠕变试验结果,提出了结构面剪切蠕变经验公式;对结构面的长期强度特性进行研究,并选取Burgers模型来描述蠕变的剪切变形特性,文章最后讨论了Burgers模型对于描述结构面剪切蠕变特性的参数特征。     

Feasibility of using reflectance spectroscopy for the analysis of bio-element concentrations in Antarctic ornithogenic sediments

Compared with traditional chemical analysis methods, reflectance spectroscopy has the advantages of speed, minimal or no sample preparation, non-destruction, and low cost. The present study explored the application of the reflectance spectroscopy within near ultraviolet-visible-near infrared region to predict bio-element compositions in the ornithogenic sediments from the maritime Antarctic. A total of 106 samples were taken from four ornithogenic sediment cores on the Ardley Island of Antarctica, 68 samples were used for building calibration equation, and 38 for prediction of nine bio-elements including P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Ba, F and S. Three multivariate statistical analysis techniques, including stepwise multiple linear regression (Stepwise-MLR), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLS) were used to develop mathematical relationships between the spectral data and the chemical reference data. The results showed that the regression models constructed by PCR and PLS models have no significant differences, and obviously supervisor to Stepwise-MLR. The correlations between spectra-predicted and chemically analyzed concentrations of nine bio-elements are statistically significant, and the concentration-versus-depth profiles predicted from reflectance spectra using PLS calibration model are consistent with those from actual chemical analysis. These results demonstrated the feasibility of using reflectance spectroscopy to infer bio-element concentrations in the ornithogenic sediments, and thus it is suggested that the reflectance spectroscopy could provide a rapid and valuable technique to indirectly identify whether the sediments were influenced by penguin droppings in the Antarctic region.     

融合点、体素和对象特征的多基元点云分类

单一基元分类方法难以全面描述复杂的点云场景,采用多基元进行分类成为一种趋势,提出了一种融合点、体素和对象特征的点云分类方法。主要包括4个方面:(1)分别确定各层面分类基元,点基元方面采用最优邻域方法,体素基元方面基于八叉树方法进行体素划分,对象基元方面使用改进的多要素分割方法进行点云分割;(2)提取各基元分类特征,首先提取点基元分类特征并进行局部线性约束编码(Locality-constrained Linear Coding, LLC),然后以此为基础提取体素基元和对象基元的潜在狄利克雷分布特征(Latent Dirichlet Allocation, LDA)和最大池化特征(Max Pooling, MP);(3)降低分类特征维度,利用随机森林变量重要性算法对分类特征进行筛选与降维;(4)进行点云分类,使用随机森林算法实现点云分类。采用3种不同类型的点云数据进行试验,结果表明融合3种基元特征的分类精度相比于点基元分类分别提升了1.43%、7.02%和2.48%,分类特征降维可以有效降低特征冗余度,分类器分类时间减少约70%;通过与其他算法的对比,新算法分类精度更优,且适用于多种场景...     

基于CEEMDAN和小波包多阈值的GNSS高程时间序列去噪方法

为提高GNSS高程时间序列的去噪效果,以仿真信号和拉萨站2000~2020年高程时间序列为例,采用自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解（complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN）方法将信号分解成若干个特征模态函数（intrinsic mode function,IMF）,对每个IMF分量进行小波包多阈值分解,依据不同节点能量占IMF总能量百分比选择不同的阈值准则,将降噪后的节点重构得到降噪后的IMF分量,进而得到降噪后的时间序列。利用信噪比、均方根误差等指标对比分析本文方法、EMD、CEEMDAN、小波去噪和小波包多阈值去噪等5种方法的去噪效果。结果表明,本文方法效果最优。     

Hydrological Simulation Using TRMM and CHIRPS Precipitation Estimates in the Lower Lancang-Mekong River Basin

Satellite-based products with high spatial and temporal resolution provide useful precipitation information for data-sparse or ungauged large-scale watersheds. In the Lower Lancang-Mekong River Basin, rainfall stations are sparse and unevenly distributed, and the transboundary characteristic makes the collection of precipitation data more difficult, which has restricted hydrological processes simulation. In this study, daily precipitation data from four datasets(gauge observations, inverse distance weighted(IDW) data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) estimates, and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations(CHIRPS) estimates), were applied to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model, and then their capability for hydrological simulation in the Lower Lancang-Mekong River Basin were examined. TRMM and CHIRPS data showed good performances on precipitation estimation in the Lower Lancang-Mekong River Basin, with the better performance for TRMM product. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) values of gauge, IDW, TRMM, and CHIRPS simulations during the calibration period were 0.87, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93 for monthly flow, respectively, and those for daily flow were 0.75, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.84, respectively. TRMM and CHIRPS data were superior to rain gauge and IDW data for driving the hydrological model, and TRMM data produced the best simulation performance. Satellite-based precipitation estimates could be suitable data sources when simulating hydrological processes for large data-poor or ungauged watersheds, especially in international river basins for which precipitation observations are difficult to collect. CHIRPS data provide long precipitation time series from 1981 to near present and thus could be used as an alternative precipitation input for hydrological simulation, especially for the period without TRMM data. For satellite-based precipitation products, the differences in the occurrence frequencies and amounts of precipitation with different intensities would affect simulation results of water balance components, which should be comprehensively considered in water resources estimation and planning.     

城市景观格局尺度效应的空间统计规律--以上海中心城区为例

以上海市外环以内的中心城区为区域背景,基于SPOT全色波段遥感影像数据和GIS技术,运用空间统计分析方法,研究城市景观格局的空间尺度效应。研究结果表明:(1)城市景观格局的空间自相关性具有显著的尺度依赖性。Moran指数I与Geary系数c对粒度变化的敏感点相同,均为50m。(2)城市景观形态具有分形特征,各类景观斑块的分维数对粒度变化的响应不同,它们随着粒度的变化呈非线性变化趋势;在粒度较小时,各类景观斑块之间的分维数差异较大,而随着粒度的增大,其分维数之间的差异逐渐缩小。(3)城市景观多样性格局,与空间区位及人类活动的空间格局息息相关。在城市中心,主导型景观是经济效益较高的商业文化景观,并且景观斑块聚集度、破碎度大;经济效益较低的农业景观分布在城市边缘区,而且景观类型单一,斑块面积较大,破碎度较小;在由城市中心向边缘过渡的中间地带,景观类型多样,空间格局复杂。(4)景观多样性具有尺度依赖性。随着幅度的增加,景观多样性指数逐渐增大,多样性的空间格局也显著变化。在0.5km幅度下,多样性指数的最大值出现在市中心,从市中心向外呈现高低起伏的环状模式扩展,随着幅度增加,多样性指数的高值区向景观类型变化最剧烈的城乡过渡地带转移。(5)景观多样性的空间变异也具有明显的尺度依赖性。在较     

Study on fault-controlled hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process and models in Zhu I Depression

Through the analysis of the faults and their internal structure in Zhu I Depression, it is found that the internal structure of the late fault is obviously segmented vertically. It develops unitary structure(simple fault plane) in shallow layers, binary structure(induced fracture zone in hanging wall and sliding fracture zone in footwall) in middle, layers and ternary structure(induced fracture zone in hanging wall and sliding fracture zone in middle,and induced fracture zone in footwall) in deep layers. Because the induced fracture zone is a high porosity and permeability zone, and the sliding fracture zone is a low porosity and ultra-low permeability zone, the late fault in middle layers has the character of "transporting while sealing". The late fault can transport hydrocarbon by its induced fracture zone in the side of the hanging wall and seal hydrocarbon by its sliding fracture zone in the side of the footwall. In deep layers, the late fault has the character of "dual-transportation", induced fracture zones in both sides of hanging wall and footwall can transport hydrocarbon. The early fault that only developed in the deep layers is presumed to be unitary structure, which plays a completely sealing role in the process of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation due to inactivity during the hydrocarbon filling period. Controlled by hydrocarbon source, early/late faults, sand bodies and traps, two reservoir-forming models of "inverted L" and "stereo-spiral"can be proposed in middle layers, while two reservoir-forming models of "cross fault" and "lateral fault sealing"are developed in the deep layers of Zhu I Depression.     

数值模式中的大气边界层参数化方案综述

大气边界层对下垫面和自由大气之间的热量、动量和物质交换以及全球辐射的收支平衡有着非常重要的作用,数值模式中对边界层的模拟需要通过参数化方案表现出来。综述了数值模式中常用的边界层参数化方案,从闭合框架以及边界层内的重要物理过程这两个方面对各类方案进行了总结,并讨论了边界层参数化方案的发展方向。     

胶东地区粉子山群及蓬莱群地层铅同位素组成探讨

由胶东地区粉子山群中大理岩及蓬莱群岩石的全岩Ｐｂ同位素组成，得到两条全岩Ｐｂ—Ｐｂ等时线，代表年龄分别是２６２５．０３Ｍａ和１１６５．８５Ｍａ。作者认为以上两个数据很可能代表粉子山群及蓬莱群的沉积年龄。由此，结合Ｐｂ在沉积作用过程中的地球化学性质，指出碳酸盐岩及粘土质岩石在其沉积成岩过程中，其Ｐｂ同位素经过一定的均一化，在某些情况下，均一化程度相当高。利用全岩Ｐｂ—Ｐｂ等时线法可以测出其成岩年龄。这对于那些目前尚无其他方法求得精确年龄的地层而言，不失为一种可取的方法。