NaCl胁迫下钙对沙拐枣(Calligonum arborescens)株高及光合特性的影响

研究了在NaCl胁迫下添加钙盐对沙拐枣(Calligonum arborescens)株高、净光合速率、PSII光化学效率、叶绿素含量等的影响,探讨了外源钙盐对植物在NaCl胁迫下的缓解作用。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的升高,在未添加钙盐的情况下,植株的株高、净光合速率、Fv/Fm、叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势;8g·L-1 NaCl浓度时,添加CaCl2后植株的净光合速率、Fv/Fm、叶绿素含量均高于同浓度Ca(NO3)2的处理,而16g·L-1 NaCl浓度时,Ca(NO3)2对NaCl胁迫的缓解作用好于CaCl2;当钙浓度为5mM时CaCl2对应的植株高度高于Ca(NO3)2,当钙浓度为10、15、20mM时Ca(NO3)2对株高的作用好。相对于生理指标而言,沙拐枣形态指标对NaCl胁迫不敏感;钙对NaCl胁迫的缓解作用与NaCl浓度有关,即存在一个最佳的钠/钙比值,高过或低于这个比值,钙盐的缓解作用就会下降;CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2对NaCl胁迫缓解作用取决于NaCl的浓度,当植物处于中等程度NaCl胁迫时,CaCl2对生理胁迫的缓解作用比Ca(NO3)2好,若植物所受NaCl胁迫程度比较严重,则Ca(NO3)2的缓解作用好。     

A new approach to estimating the T-year return-period wave height

The paper introduces a new approach to estimating the T-year return-period wave height (TRPW), i.e. the wave height expected to occur in T-year, from two sets of observed extreme data and on the basis of the maximum entropy principle. The main points of the approach are as follows. 1) A maximum entropy probability density function (PDF) for the extreme wave height H is derived from a Euler equation subject to some necessary and rational constraints. 2) The parameters in the function are expressed in terms of the mth moment of H. 3) This PDF is convenient to theoretical and practical applications as it is simple and its four parameters are easy to be determined from observed extreme data. An example is given for estimating the TRPW in 50 and 100 years by the present approach and by some currently used methods using observed data at two hydrographic stations.The comparison of the estimated results shows that the present approach is quite similar to the Pearson-Ⅲ and Gumbel methods.     

强震作用下斜坡表面放大效应的三维离散元模拟

为研究强震作用下斜坡表面的动力放大效应,以陕西勉县某岩质斜坡为例,建立了三维模型.运用离散元软件3DEC,模拟了动力条件下斜坡的变形失稳过程,分析了斜坡表面的动力响应特征,研究了不同地震波输入工况条件下坡体表面动力响应差异.研究结果表明:考虑地震纵波的影响时,竖向加速度得到显著增强,坡面的PGA放大系数增强了约1.62...     

A cyber-enabled spatial decision support system to inventory Mangroves in Mozambique: coupling scientific workflows and cloud computing

Mangroves are an important terrestrial carbon reservoir with numerous ecosystem services. Yet, it is difficult to inventory mangroves because of their low accessibility. A sampling approach that produces accurate assessment while maximizing logistical integrity of inventory operation is often required. Spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) provide support for integrating such a sampling design of fieldwork with operational considerations and evaluation of alternative scenarios. However, this fieldwork design driven by SDSS is often computationally intensive and repetitive. In this study, we develop a cyber-enabled SDSS framework to facilitate the computationally challenging fieldwork design that requires the efficacious selection of base camps and plots for the inventory of mangroves. Our study area is the Zambezi River Delta, Mozambique. Cyber-enabled capabilities, including scientific workflows and cloud computing, are integrated with the SDSS. Scientific workflows enable the automation of data and modeling tasks in the SDSS. Cloud computing offers on-demand computational support for interoperation among stakeholders for collaborative scenario evaluation for the fieldwork design of mangrove inventory. Further, this framework allows for harnessing high-performance computing capabilities for accelerating the fieldwork design. The cyber-enabled framework provides significant merits in terms of effective coordination among science and logistical teams, assurance of meeting inventory objectives, and an objective basis to collectively and efficaciously evaluate alternative scenarios.     

Emergency Plan for Water Supply in Consecutive Droughts and Sustainable Water Resources Management in Beijing

Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national "South-to-North Water Transfer"(STNWT) project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10~9 m~3.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources.     

资源评价的成功树法

成功树法是应用系统工程中的可靠性理论，将专家对成矿规律的认识系统工程化，改编为成功树的形式，通过计算成功树顶事件的成矿概率或成矿有利度，达到资源评价目的。文章详细介绍了成功树法的来源、原理、３种计算方法，具体说明了怎样建立综合铀矿成矿成功树，以及用它进行资源评价的步骤。由于本方法不受已知矿床数量、预测区面积大小的限制，适用于不同矿种、不同类型、不同比例尺的资源评价，具有良好的发展前景。     

海星生物活性物质研究进展

海星中含有蛋白、酶、甾类糖苷、神经节苷酯、生物碱等生物活性物质。在海星中已分离纯化出的物质具有多种生理活性。在这些提取物中,蛋白具有免疫活性,促细胞生长活性;甾类糖苷有细胞毒性、溶血、抗病毒、抗炎症、鱼毒素等活性;神经节苷酯类有抗肿瘤活性;生物碱类有细胞毒性、抗病毒、抗真菌活性。     

Assessment of Geological Security and Integrated Assessment Geo‐environmental Suitability in Worst‐hit Areas in Wenchuan Quake

Abstract: The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and geo-hazards triggered by the earthquake caused large injuries and deaths as well as destructive damage for infrastructures like construction, traffic and electricity. It is urgent to select relatively secure areas for townships and cities constructed in high mountainous regions with high magnitude earthquakes. This paper presents the basic thoughts, evaluation indices and evaluation methods of geological security evaluation, water and land resources security demonstration and integrated assessments of geo-environmental suitability for reconstruction in alp and ravine with high magnitude earthquakes, which are applied in the worst-hit areas (12 counties). The integrated assessment shows that: (1) located in the Longmenshan fault zone, the evaluated area is of poor regional crust stability, in which the unstable and second unstable areas account for 79% of the total; (2) the geo-hazards susceptibility is high in the evaluation area. The spots of geo-hazards triggered by earthquake are mainly distributed along the active fault zone with higher distribution in the moderate and high mountains area, in which the areas of high and moderate susceptibility zoning accounts for 40.1% of the total; (3) geological security is poor in the evaluated area, in which the area of the unsuitable construction occupies 73.1%, whereas in the suitable construction area, the areas of geological security, second security and insecurity zoning account for 8.3%, 9.3% and 9.3% of the evaluated area respectively; (4) geo-environmental suitability is poor in the evaluated area , in which the areas of suitability and basic suitability zoning account for 3.5% and 7.3% of the whole evaluation area.     

用浅层地震勘探资料研究蓟运河断裂的第四纪活动特征

蓟运河断裂是天津地区东北部的一条重要断裂,是张家口—渤海构造带的组成部分.由于未对蓟运河断裂的活动性进行过专门探测研究,其空间展布及第四纪活动性一直存在争议.经广泛收集资料确定蓟运河断裂的大致展布,并布设9条人工地震测线,采用可控震源对该断裂进行探测.结果表明:蓟运河断裂不是一条南北贯通的断裂,其大致分为北西段和南东段...     

基于IDA的高墩大跨桥梁抗震性能评估

高墩桥梁的地震响应与传统的中低墩桥梁有很大差别,我国现行桥梁抗震规范对此没有规定。为了合理评估高墩大跨桥梁的抗震性能,以一座连续刚构桥为研究对象,采用OpenSees建立弹塑性有限元动力分析模型,从PEER地震数据库中选取了15条地震记录进行增量动力分析(Incre-mental dynamic analysis,IDA),利用Ramberg-Osgood函数对控制参数进行统计,从而得到了结构概率分位值为10%、50%和90%的IDA曲线,结合定义的损伤状态对结构的抗震性能进行了评估;根据墩身最大曲率分布得到了塑性区域长度,提出了根据最大曲率分布估算墩顶目标位移的方法。结果表明:利用R-O函数统计得到的IDA概率分位曲线能很好地体现桥梁抗震性能,并能给出满足相应性能水准的可靠等级。在强震作用下,高墩结构塑性区域长度与各国规范计算结果吻合,按墩身最大曲率分布估算墩顶位移与IDA分析结果吻合较好,弥补了规范的不足。