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141.
The Samborombon Bay wetland is located on the west margin of the Rio de la Plata estuary, in the Province of Buenos Aires,
Argentina. This paper analyses the geological, geomorphologic, soil and vegetation characteristics of the southernmost sector
of this wetland and their influence on surface water and groundwater. The study area presents three hydrologic units: coastal
dunes, sand sheets and coastal plain. Coastal dunes and sand sheets are recharge zones of high permeability with well-drained,
non-saline soils, and a few surface water flows. Changes in the water table are related to rainfall. Groundwater in coastal
dunes is Ca–Mg–HCO3 to Na–HCO3, and of low salinity (590 mg/l). Groundwater in sand sheets is mainly Na–HCO3 with a salinity of about 1,020 mg/l. The coastal plain exhibits medium to low permeability sediments, with submerged saline
soils poorly drained. Groundwater is Na–Cl with a mean salinity of 16,502 mg/l. A surface hydrological network develops in
the coastal plain. Surface water levels near the shoreline are affected by tidal fluctuations; far from the shoreline water
accumulates because of poor drainage. Both sectors have Na–Cl water, but the former is more saline. Human intervention and
sea level rise may affect the wetland severely. 相似文献
142.
By using small scale model tests, the interference effect on the vertical load-deformation behavior of a number of equally
spaced strip footings, placed on the surface of dry sand, was investigated. At any stage, all the footings were assumed to
(i) carry exactly equal magnitude of load, and (ii) settle to the same extent. No tilt of the footing was permitted. The effect
of clear spacing (s) among footings on the results was explored. A new experimental setup was proposed in which only one footing
needs to be employed rather than a number of footings. The bearing capacity increases continuously with decrease in spacing
among the footings. The interference effect becomes further prominent with increase in soil friction angle. In contrast to
an increase in the bearing capacity, with decrease in spacing of footings, an increase in the footing settlement associated
with the ultimate state of shear failure was observed. The present experimental observations were similar to those predicted
by the available theory, based on the method of characteristics. As compared to the theory, the present experimental data,
however, indicates much greater effect of interference especially for larger spacing among footings. 相似文献
143.
K. Vinod kumar R. C. Lakhera Tapas R. Martha R. S. Chatterjee A. Bhattacharya 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(4):789-799
Mass movements such as landslides in mountainous terrains are natural degradation processes and one of the most important
landscape-building factors. Varunawat Parbat overlooking Uttarkashi town witnessed a series of landslides on 23 September
2003 and the debris slides and rock falls continued for 2 weeks. This landslide complex was triggered due to the incessant
rainfall prior to the event, and its occurrence led to the blockage of the pilgrim route to Gangotri (source of the Ganges
river) and evacuation of thousands of people to safer places. Though there was no loss of lives due to timely evacuation,
heavy losses to the property were reported. High-resolution stereoscopic earth observation data were acquired after the incidence
to study the landslide in detail with emphasis on the cause of the landslide and mode of failure. Areas along the road and
below the Varunawat foothill region are mapped for landslide risk. It was found that the foothill region of the Varunawat
Parbat was highly disturbed by man-made activities and houses are dangerously located below steep slopes. The potential zones
for landslides along with the existing active and old landslides are mapped. These areas are critical and their treatment
with priority is required in order to minimise further landslide occurrences. 相似文献
144.
There could be some discontinuities in a soil media such as layers, earth structures, cracks, and fissures so that estimation
of stresses and deformations in these types of soil masses are somewhat different from continuous masses. The discontinuities
in a soil mass could be considered as a special link between two blocks. Transmitted swelling pressures affected by the soil
properties of the backfill especially at the interface between the backfill and retaining wall. In order to estimate the transmitted
swelling pressure distribution behind a retaining wall, using with interface element, a new finite element model and a code
(SWELPRES) have been developed. To evaluate the effect of backfill characteristics and interface element from the transmitted
lateral swelling pressures, four cases of thickness of backfills with or without interface elements are investigated. 相似文献
145.
Eduardo E. Alonso Sarah M. Springman Charles W. W. Ng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(6):817-826
Two large-scale “in situ” demonstration experiments and their instrumentation are described. The first test (FEBEX Experiment)
involves the hydration of a compacted bentonite barrier under the combined effect of an inner source of heat and an outer
water flow from the confining saturated granite rock. In the second case, the progressive de-saturation of Opalinus clay induced
by maintained ventilation of an unlined tunnel is analyzed. The paper shows the performance of different sensors (capacitive
cells, psychrometers, TDR’s) and a comparison of fill behaviour with modelling results. The long term performance of some
instruments could also be evaluated specially in the case of FEBEX test. Capacitive sensors provide relative humidity data
during long transient periods characterised by very large variations of suction within the bentonite. 相似文献
146.
河流集合预报方法(ESP)在水资源中长期预测中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中长期径流预测是水文水资源研究领域中的一项重要内容,为水资源规划管理及可持续利用、防汛抗旱、水库调度与发电计划制作、工农业用水计划编制等提供科学依据,对国民经济发展具有十分重要的意义.但由于大气圈极其复杂,水文要素并非仅是气象强迫输入的函数.它还受流域基本特性,前期来水以及人类活动等诸多因素的影响,中长期径流预测在其计算中存在着多种不确定性.因此,中长期径流预测一直是水文预测研究中难度较大的课题之一.本文引入河流集合预报方法(ESP),以丹江口水库为应用实例,利用水文气象历史资料和新安江水文模型,预测分析水库2007年10月份每旬的平均入库流量及概率分布统计,并经与实测流量过程对比分析,满足水库运行调度需求,为水库发电计划制作提供了可靠依据. 相似文献
147.
宋微波 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1991,(1)
九脊游仆虫(Euplotes novemcarinata Wang、1930)是土壤及淡水中生活的原生动物。本文对其重要的分类特征诸如银线系及纤毛下器做了形态学研究,确认了其分类地位,并比较了国外迄今的研究工作,在此基础上,将同物异名苔藓游仆虫(E.muscicolaKahl、1932)作了归并。 相似文献
148.
Song Jinming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2003,22(1):57-68
Carbon cycle is connected with the most important environmental issue of Global Change.As one of the major carbon reservoirs, oceans play an important part in the carbon cycle. In recent years, iron seems to give us a good news that oceanic iron fertilization could stimulate biological productivity as CO2 sink of human-produced CO2. Oceanic iron fertilization experiments have verified that adding iron into high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) seawaters can increase phytoplankton production and export organic carbon, and hence increase carbon sink of anthropogenic CO2, to reduce global warming. In sixty days, the export organic carbon could reach 10 000 times for adding iron by model prediction and in situ experiment, i.e. the atmospheric CO2 uptake and inorganic carbon drawdown in upper seawaters also have the same magnitude. Therefore, oceanic iron fertilization is one of the strategies for increasing carbon sink of anthropogenic CO2. The paper is focused on the iron fertilization, especially in situ o 相似文献
149.
河口环流和盐水入侵Ⅱ--径流量和海平面上升的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用本序列上篇论文建立的理想河口数值模式,研究径流量和海平面上升对河口环流和盐水入侵的影响.在径流量增大的情况下,口门内表层向海的流速增大,底层向陆的密度流减弱,滞流点下移.口门外侧向口门的密度流增大,上升流趋于增强.口门内盐水入侵减弱,口外盐度减小、冲淡水扩展范围增大.在口门上游北岸底层盐度下降明显,口门处南岸表层盐度下降明显.径流量变化对盐水入侵影响十分巨大.在海平面上升的情况下,拦门沙区域向陆的密度流增强,滞流点上移,表层向海的流动增大.口门内盐水入侵增强,口外盐度增大,冲淡水扩展范围减小.海平面上升对盐水入侵影响十分明显,北岸底层盐度增大尤为特出. 相似文献
150.
Tiago M. Alves Vasilios Lykousis Dimitris Sakellariou Stamatina Alexandri Paraskevi Nomikou 《Geo-Marine Letters》2007,27(1):41-61
Bathymetric, 9.5-kHz long-range sidescan sonar (OKEAN), seismic reflection and sediment-core data are used in the analysis
of two tectonic troughs south of Crete, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Here, up to 1.2 s two-way travel time (TWTT) of strata
have accumulated since the Middle Miocene in association with extension in the South Aegean region. The study area comprises
>100-km- long by >25-km-wide basins filled by sediments subdivided into two seismic units: (1) an upper Unit 1 deposited in
sub-basins which follow the present-day configuration of the southern Cretan margin; (2) a basal Unit 2, more than 500 ms
(TWTT) thick, accumulated in deeper half-graben/grabens distinct from the present-day depocentres. Both units overlap a locally
stratified Unit 3 comprising the pre-Neogene core complex of Crete and Gavdos. In this work, the interpreted seismic units
are correlated with the onshore stratigraphy, demonstrating that denudation processes occurring on Crete and Gavdos in response
to major tectonic events have been responsible for high sedimentation rates along the proximal southern Cretan margin. Consequently,
topographically confined sedimentary units have been deposited south of Crete in the last 12 Ma, including turbidites and
other mass-flow deposits fed by evolving transverse and axial channel systems. Surface processes controlling facies distribution
include the direct inflow of sediment from alluvial-fan systems and incising mountain rivers onto the Cretan slope, where
significant sediment instability processes occur at present. In this setting, seismic profiles reveal eight different types
of stratigraphic contacts on basin-margin highs, and basinal areas show evidence of halokinesis and/or fluid escape. The acquired
data also show that significant changes to the margin’s configuration occurred in association with the post-Alpine tectonic
and eustatic episodes affecting the Eastern Mediterranean. 相似文献