青藏高原区域气候变化及其差异性研究

利用1961—2007年青藏高原66个气象台站气温和降水量资料,通过典型气候分区,系统研究了近47年来青藏高原气温、降水量等气候因子时空演变规律,揭示了青藏高原不同区域气候变化的差异性。研究表明:近47年来,青藏高原的气候呈现出显著增暖趋势,年平均气温以0.37℃/10a的速率上升,气候变暖在夜间要较日间明显。冬季较其他季节明显,2月气温由冷向暖的转变最为显著,8月最不显著,且在某些区域有变冷迹象;高原边缘地区气候变暖要明显于高原腹地,青海北部区特别是柴达木盆地是青藏高原气候变化的敏感区。降水量总体表现出增多态势,气候倾向率达9.1mm/10a,但区域性差异较为明显,藏东南川西区是青藏高原降水量增多最显著的地区;12月至次年5月即冬春季整个青藏高原降水量随着气候变暖而增多,7月和9月黄河上游区1987年后干旱化趋势明显。     

油库油料储量的微机实时计量系统

本文通过对微机油料计量系统的研制，提出了在油库特殊环境下实现多种信号采集、数字化传输、软件补偿的总体方案，并详细分析了该系统的原理及性能。     

高地下水位条件下重盐碱洼地治理效果的初步观察*

禹城北丘洼属“半封闭重盐化咸水区”,潜水埋深浅,地下水矿化度高为其主要自然特征。对洼地采用区外引水、明渠灌、排、蓄等技术措施,进行综合治理,潜水埋深没有降低,却取得了显著治理效果。对这一客观现象的初步分析表明,明渠引水、蓄水,保证了干旱季节农田灌溉和对盐分的淋洗,有效地促使作物根系层的水盐下行;农田作物覆盖层不仅改善了近地层蒸发和土壤返盐的环境条件,而且作物蒸腾可有效地控制根系层盐分积累。     

Geodynamic Technique Applied to the Volcanic Activity Forecast of Lanzarote Island in Spain

In accordance with the Agreement of Sino-Spain Science and Technology Cooperation,the Institute of Seismology,SSB of China and the Institute of Astronomy and Geodesy of Spain have together performed research at the Geodynamics Laboratory of Lanzarote(Canary Islands)with geodynamic instrumentation.Researchers conducted observation and then analyzed the data compiled.Researchers using the advanced geodynamic instruments could monitor the volcanic activity and seismicity in order to forecast the volcanic eruption and earthquakes.The results of this paper are obtained from this scientific and technological cooperation of the two institutes between China and Spain.     

Progress and prospects of applied research on physical geography and the living environment in China over the past 70 years (1949–2019)

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences.Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development,and China's natural environment is complex and diverse.According to national needs and regional development,physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research,which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development,the protection of macro ecosystems and resources,and sustainable regional development.This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields:regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization;land use and land cover changes;natural hazards and risk reduction;process and prevention of desertification;upgrading of medium-and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region;engineering construction in permafrost areas; geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases;positioning and observation of hysical geographical elements;and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.     

系泊链海水疲劳性能初步研究

通过试验研究了直径最大到187 mm的R4和R4S级系泊链在人工海水中的疲劳性能。根据疲劳试验得到了相应载荷振幅下的疲劳循环次数,并将结果和DNVGL OS-E301及API RP 2SK中的设计曲线进行了比较和分析。通过链环有限元计算,结合实际试验结果,验证了链环在拉伸载荷下的应力分布和断裂热点,为进一步分析系泊链疲劳失效机理和海洋平台系泊系统设计提供了有效的试验数据。     

Geology and inclusion studies on the genesis of the Baolun gold deposit in Hainan Province,South China

The late Triassic Baolun gold deposit hosted by Silurian phyllites is a large‐scale high‐grade gold deposit in Hainan Island, South China. The ores can be classified into quartz‐vein dominated type and less altered rock type. Three mineralization stages were recognized by mineral assemblages. The early stage, as the most important mineralization stage, is characterized by a quartz–native gold assemblage. The muscovite?quartz?pyrite?native gold assemblage is related to the intermedium mineralization stage. In late mineralization stage, native gold and Bi‐bearing minerals are paragenetic minerals. Microthermometry analyses show that the early mineralization stage is characterized by two types of fluid inclusions, including CO₂‐rich inclusions (C‐type) and aqueous inclusions (W‐type). C‐type inclusions homogenize at 276–335°C with an averaged value of 306°C and have salinities of 1.0–10.0 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 4.9 wt% NaCl equivalent). W‐type inclusions homogenize at 252–301°C (mean value of 278°C) with salinity of 4.0–9.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.4 wt% NaCl equivalent). In intermedium mineralization stage, C‐type and W‐type inclusions homogenize at 228–320°C (mean value of 283°C) and 178–296°C (mean value of 241°C), with salinities of 2.4–9.9 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 6.5 wt% NaCl equivalent) and 3.7–11.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent), respectively. No suitable mineral, such as quartz or calcite, was found for fluid inclusion study from late mineralization stage. In contrast, only aqueous inclusions were found from post‐ore barren veins, which yielded lower homogenization temperatures ranging from 168–241°C (mean value of 195°C) and similar salinities (2.6–12.6 wt% NaCl equivalent with averaged value of 7.2 wt% NaCl equivalent). The different homogenization temperatures and similar salinities of C‐type and W‐type from each mineralization stage indicate that fluid immiscibility and boiling occurred. The Baolun gold deposit was precipitated from a CO₂‐bearing mesothermal fluid, and formed at a syn‐collision environment following the closure of the Paleo‐Tethys.     

渤海氮污染的来源结构与污染压力空间分布

近30年渤海环境发生了巨大变化,陆源污染输入是导致渤海环境恶化的主要原因。为研究陆源污染压力强度与海域污染的空间关系,采用层级嵌套的水污染输出分区方法,将环渤海地区划分为23个陆海统筹管理分区,并基于土地利用数据、社会经济统计数据和污染普查等资料,估算出环渤海地区五类社会经济活动的总氮排放量,进而分析各分区单元的陆源污染压力。研究结果表明：① 渤海周边陆域总氮排放量约85万t,农业农村面源污染是氮污染的主要来源,占总排放量的57.4%,工业污染贡献有限,渤海湾沿岸城镇居民生活排放突出;② 23个陆海统筹管理分区之间的污染压力差异巨大,辽东湾、渤海湾和莱州湾周边的分区陆源污染压力大,其它分区的压力相对较低,各分区内陆域污染压力与对应海域污染状况在空间上高度一致;③ 各分区之间污染的来源构成差异显著,渤海湾氮污染的主要来源是居民生活排放,辽东湾工业污染相对突出,莱州湾农业面源污染占比大;④ 渤海周边陆源污染排海压力短期内难以缓解。     

红水河阶地与极限洪水

本文用地貌学方法与水文学、气候学、地质学结合起来,综合研究河流极限洪水问题。