新疆巴里坤县大加山一带碱性花岗岩的特征及构造环境探讨

大加山一带的碱性花岗岩按侵入先后可分为碱长花岗岩单元、钠闪石碱性花岗岩单元、霓石钠门石碱性花岗岩单元，由它们构成大加山超单元。这些岩石大都含碱性暗色矿物，从矿物组合看具贫水特征，岩石化学方面显示高硅、高碱、贫铝、镁、钙等特征；微量元素显示钾、铷、钍富集，锶、钡等强烈亏损特点；稀土元素总量较高，轻稀土较重稀土富集，并具有强的负铕异常。就位机制为断裂扩张并具顶蚀型被动定位类型，同源岩浆演化具反序列演化特点。上述特征和区域构造环境分析表明，大加山一带碱性花岗岩为非造山环境下形成的Ａ型花岗岩。     

Uncertainty analysis of strain modal parameters by Bayesian method using frequency response function

Structural strain modes are able to detect changes in local structural performance, but errors are inevitably intermixed in the measured data. In this paper, strain modal parameters are considered as random variables, and their uncertainty is analyzed by a Bayesian method based on the structural frequency response function (FRF). The estimates of strain modal parameters with maximal posterior probability are determined. Several independent measurements of the FRF of a four-story reinforced concrete frame structural model were performed in the laboratory. The ability to identify the stiffness change in a concrete column using the strain mode was verified. It is shown that the uncertainty of the natural frequency is very small. Compared with the displacement mode shape, the variations of strain mode shapes at each point are quite different. The damping ratios are more affected by the types of test systems. Except for the case where a high order strain mode does not identify local damage, the first order strain mode can provide an exact indication of the damage location.     

Mechanism of accelerated dissolution of mineral crystals by cavitation erosion

Cavitation,a phenomenon produced by a moving fluid,is ubiquitous in the water environment of the Earth's surface and its related mechanical action in the process of cavitation leads to the widespread erosion of rock in nature.Although the mechanical action of flowing water body that accelerates the rock mass loss and fragmentation of rock(abrasion,erosion,and etching)and other phenomena have been much studied,its acceleration of mineral crystal dissolution is rarely reported.The physical mechanism of effect is not yet clear.The cavitation bubble produced in the cavitation process is at the micron level,and its related mechanical action leading to the accumulation of rock mineral dissolution is manifested in time and space in the process of the chemical element's migration between water and rock minerals.Cavitation erosion may be one of the important driving forces for the migration of geochemical elements within the lithosphere and hydrosphere.In this paper,based on the crystal dissolution stepwave dynamic theory and the theoretical derivation and calculation of Gibbs free energy change of the mineral crystals plastic deformation which caused by the mechanical action of cavitation erosion,we give the possible mechanism of accelerating the transient dissolution of mineral crystals by cavitation erosion—the cavitation bubbles on the surface of the near crystal release the high speed micro-jet and shock wave perpendicular to the surface during the collapsing,in which the water hammer pressure produced by micro-jet at the solid–liquid interface causes instantaneous plastic deformation on the crystal surface under the condition that it is larger than the yield stress of the crystal.Under the influence of the thermal effect of the plastic deformation process and the change of Gibbs free energy(the dislocation elastic strain energy of plastic deformation on the crystal surface may be included),the local instantaneous dissolution rate of the mineral surface is accelerated.The continuous cavitation erosion eventually causes fracture and breaking of the mineral crystal,meanwhile,the Gibbs–Thomson effect may enhance the dissolution of mineral crystals more prominently.At the same time,the correctness of the mechanism is verified qualitatively by the acoustic cavitation experiment with the same erosion mechanism.     

A new approach for separating mixed model parameters: application to simultaneous inversion of earthquake source parameters

A method for simultaneous determination of mixed model parameters, which have different physical dimensions or different responses to data, is presented. Mixed parameter estimation from observed data within a single model space shows instabilities and trade-offs of the solutions. We separate the model space into N-subspaces based on their physical properties or computational convenience and solve the N-subspaces systems by damped least-squares and singular-value decomposition. Since the condition number of each subsystem is smaller than that of the single global system, the approach can greatly increase the stability of the inversion. We also introduce different damping factors into the subsystems to reduce the trade-offs between the different parameters. The damping factors depend on the conditioning of the subsystems and may be adequately chosen in a range from 0.1 % to 10 % of the largest singular value. We illustrate the method with an example of simultaneous determination of source history, source geometry, and hypocentral location from regional seismograms, although it is applicable to any geophysical inversion.     

地震逆散射偏移与反演综述

随着油气勘探领域逐渐向深层、复杂型、隐蔽性油气藏转移,油气资源的勘探难度越来越大,传统反射地震勘探技术难以满足日益增长的油气勘探需求,亟需发展适合复杂地质构造的地震波偏移反演新技术.针对地球深部非均匀结构体引起的地震散射波,发展地震逆散射偏移反演理论和技术将有可能解决复杂构造成像反演的技术难题.本文回顾地震波逆散射偏移反演理论的发展历史和基本原理,以逆广义Radon变换求解线性化逆散射问题为基础,介绍逆散射理论在介质结构成像、物性参数反演、多次波衰减等方面的技术延伸,同时将其应用到合成数据和实际数据资料,探讨地震勘探逆散射方法的技术优势和应用潜力.     

豫北重大垂直形变异常的成因研究

１９８０年以来，豫北安阳至清丰水准测线上出现了较大的地面沉降漏斗。通过对标石稳定性、采矿影响、地壳构造运动特别是地下水与地壳形变关系的分析研究，认为漏斗形成的原因与地下水和地层有关，并非地震前兆异常。     

长治市酸雨变化特征及其与气象要素关系分析

利用长治市2007-2009年的酸雨观测资料,分析了长治市酸雨的年变化规律及酸雨与降水量、风速、风向等气象要素的关系,结果表明:10月酸雨强度最高,9月次之,12月最低.小雨时酸雨发生频率为49.25％,中雨时为77.78％,大雨及以上量级时为100.00％.随着风速增大,降水的酸雨频率减少;静风时,酸雨出现次数几率为...     

2019年广西异常暖冬的气候成因分析

选取1961-2019年广西国家气象观测站气温观测资料、NOAA/ESRL高度场及海平面气温资料,分析了2019年广西异常暖冬的气候背景、大气环流及海温外强迫因子的影响。结果表明,西太平洋副热带高压偏大、偏强、偏西,赤道中东太平洋海平面温度偏高,西伯利亚高压强度和冬季风偏弱,导致冷空气难以南下,南方暖气流占主导地位,是2019年广西冬季气温偏高主要原因。     

Preface to Special Topic on Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Application in China

<正>China initiated a national carbon trading market in December 2017.Commitments and actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions require consistent,reliable and timely information on GHG emissions.GHG monitoring and modeling studies provide GHG emission estimates to evaluate and guide progress towards emission reductions.GHG monitoring has mainly focused on global-scale background networks over the last few decades,while recent efforts have been made on regional and urban scales,such ...     

Two-Year Observation of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide Spatial Distribution in Xi'an City

The need for atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_2) reduction in the context of global warming is widely acknowledged by the global scientific community.Fossil fuel CO_2(CO_(2ff)) emissions occur mainly in cities,and can be monitored directly with radiocarbon(~(14) C).In this research,annual plants [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.] were collected from 26 sites in 2013 and2014 in the central urban district of Xi'an City.The △~(14)C content of the samples were analyzed using a 3 MV Accelerator Mass Spectrometer,and CO_(2ff) concentrations were calculated based on mass balance equations.The results showed that the CO_(2ff) mixing ratio ranged from 15.9 to 25.0 ppm(part per million,equivalent to μmol mol~(-1)),with an average of 20.5 ppm in 2013.The range of measured values became larger in 2014,from 13.9 ppm to 33.1 ppm,with an average of 23.5 ppm.The differences among the average CO_(2ff) concentrations between the central area and outer urban areas were not statistically significant.Although the year-to-year variation of the CO_(2ff) concentration was significant(P 0.01),there was a distinctly low CO_(2 ff) value observed in the northeast corner of the city.CO_(2 ff) emiissions from vehicle exhaust and residential sources appeared to be more significant than two thermal power plants,according to our observed CO_(2 ff) spatial distribution.The variation of pollution source transport recorded in our observations was likely controlled by southwesterly winds.These results could assist in the optimal placement of regional CO_2 monitoring stations,and benefit the local government in the implementation of efficient carbon emission reduction measures.