青海湖意外湖花介(Limnocythere inopinata Bird)壳体稳定氧同位素组成对盐度的可能响应

介形类壳体的氧同位素组成已成为恢复湖区古气候/古环境的有效代用指标,而其氧同位素分馏及环境意义目前还缺乏研究.为评价青海湖介形类壳体氧同位素分馏及其环境意义,在青海湖进行系统的表层沉积物和水样的采集,测定表层沉积物中的意外湖花介(Limnocythere inopinata Bird)和相应水样的氧同位素组成.结果表明:意外湖花介壳体的氧同位素组成主要受控于水体的氧同位素组成,除温度的影响外,还可能受到盐度的影响,随着盐度变化,该种壳体与水体之间的同位素分馏呈减小趋势,而两者的氧同位素组成均呈偏正趋势.青海湖意外湖花介壳体的氧同位素组成在一定程度上可能间接反映水体盐度的变化,值得进行更深入的研究.     

Comparative analysis of the international carbon verification policies and systems

Carbon verification, which can guarantee the reliability and credibility of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data, is the most important part of the daily operations of the carbon emission right trading system. Many international institutions, countries and regions have conducted research on and have practiced carbon verification policies and systems. Through comparative analysis of the international carbon verification policies and systems, they can provide experience for Chinese unified national carbon market to start supporting carbon verification. The paper study concludes that (1) carbon verification systems developed by international institutions focus on the scientific level of verification methods; (2) carbon verification policies and systems issued by important countries and regions draw on International Standardization Organization (ISO)14064 standards based on their national conditions and focus on the scientific level and reasonableness of verification methods; (3) major international experience includes complete verification policies and systems, strict standard verification procedures, diversified verification forms and a focus on key emission sources. Based on the differences in China’s carbon emissions characteristics caused by unbalanced regional economic development and the conditions of carbon verification in seven pilot carbon trading areas, this thesis proposes the following suggestions: pushing forward the establishment of carbon verification policies and systems by accelerating legislation on climate changes; facilitating carbon verification in a coordinated manner; regulating key GHG emission sources; establishing and improving supervision on carbon verification; and intensifying international exchanges and cooperation.

     

黄土高原现代C4和C3植物生物量及其对环境的响应

文章从表土总有机碳同位素和现代植被间的关系入手, 研究C4/C3植物与气候要素的关系, 以期能更好 的理解影响C4、C3植物生物量的主要因素。研究区域位于黄土高原塬面, 我们计算了共67个采样点的C4植物的生物量, 估算出草本植物中C4植物的比例。结果表明, 黄土高原塬面上最主要的C4植物是白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum), C3植物主要由草类植物和灌木组成, 如长芒草(Stipa bungeana)、胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)和禾叶嵩草(Kobresia graminifolia)等, 它们主要分布在研究区域的阴坡和山谷。表土的总有机碳同位素组成是反映C3和C4相对生物量贡献的可靠指标。在黄土高原地区, 夏季降水量的增加会引起C4植物比例上升, 同时C4植物生物量的变化也反映了降水的变化。本文的研究有助于理解亚洲季风气候下黄土高原地区C4/C3植物的变化机制。     

土壤气中He、Ar组分在金家地区油气化探中应用研究

对济阳凹陷南缘与鲁西隆起接合部开展了土壤气Ｈｅ、Ａｒ组分及Ａｒ同位素测定，结果表明Ｈｅ的丰度从５．１—６μＬ／Ｌ（Ｓ．Ｔ．Ｐ），δＨｅ值从－４％－１６％，平均２．５９％；４０Ａｒ／３６Ａｒ比值从２５５—３２５，δ（４０Ａｒ／３６Ａｒ）值从＋１１％－１１％，Ｈｅ异常主要分布在研究区北部，而Ａｒ等值图分布比较复杂。Ｈｅ、Ａｒ、烃三组分之间的组合关系表明有３个远景区，最有意义的是中深层远景区。此外，根据地质分析及Ａｒ同位素特征表明中深层异常远景区不仅是与已知的第三系油田有关，而且还与深部Ｃ—Ｐ煤系地层有关，故属煤成气异常。     

基于Vega的三维虚拟城市地理信息系统的实现

Vega在三维虚拟模拟建模中应用广泛、功能强大稳定,但对于各种地理信息管理查询等功能薄弱;MapX在地理信息系统开发中得到了广泛的应用,它具有地图数据逻辑查询等强大的地理信息功能。在对Vega、MapX、Aecess数据库三者数据的连接关系、图层控制、逻辑查询、路径导航等核心部分阐述基础上,利用Vega三维仿真软件,结合地理信息系统开发组件MapX和管理附属信息的数据库,在VC“平台下构建了虚拟三维地理信息系统,有效地解决了独立的二维电子地图和独立的三维虚拟场景的各自不足之处。     

基于MODIS数据的雪面温度遥感反演

通过对Planck函数在低温范围内进行线性化,改进了针对MODIS数据的实用性分裂窗算法,建立了基于MODIS数据的中纬度地区雪面温度遥感反演方法。以环青海湖地区为研究区进行了算法应用,取得了较理想的效果。验证并分析了雪面温度与海拔高度的负相关关系。通过对下垫面相对均一的3个样区进行分析,讨论了雪面温度与归一化积雪指数的关系,并提出了“NDSI-Ts空间”的概念。     

一种区域降水过程综合强度评估方法的探索和应用

降水过程强度精细化定量评估是气象现代化业务服务的重要需求,也是暴雨灾害影响评估研究的关键环节。利用1961年以来国家气象站降水气象观测资料,以站点降水背景表征地域特征,通过定义单站和区域降水过程的起始和结束条件界定降水过程,提取了降水强度、持续时间、覆盖范围三个降水过程的评价指标,在深度挖掘降水空间和时间尺度信息基础上,计算三个降水过程的评价指标。然后,基于百分位分布和概率统计,对降水过程三个评价指标进行精细化指数划分,建立降水过程综合强度评估模型。最终将降水过程划分为极端、特强、强、较强、中等五个等级。文中应用案例对评估方法进行验证,结果显示对单站和区域降水过程综合强度等级评估方法合理,既能体现降水过程地域特征,又能表征降水过程的影响程度,方法具可操作性,能够直接应用于气象服务业务和暴雨灾害影响评估,也可为历史降水过程案例入库、灾情信息演变特征分析提供依据。     

A lacustrine record from Lop Nur,Xinjiang, China: Implications for paleoclimate change during Late Pleistocene

Climate variability during the Late Pleistocene is studied from the proxies in core CK-2 drilled from the Luobei Depression (91°03′E, 40°47′N), Lop Nur in the eastern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. Geophysical and geochemical properties, including magnetic susceptibility, granularity, chroma, carbonate content, loss on ignition and trace elements, have been determined to reconstruct the environmental evolution of the area during 32–9 ka BP. The chronology is established by uranium–thorium disequilibrium dating techniques.Our data suggest four paleoclimate stages, indicating glacial variations between cold–humid and warm–arid environments. A period of extreme humidity occurred during 31,900–19,200 yr BP is attributed the last glacial maximum (LGM). The period was followed by a warm–arid episode during 19,200–13,500 yr BP. Then a cold–humid interval during 13,500–12,700 yr BP may correspond to another cooling phases at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The last stage from 12,700 to 9000 yr BP has a trend that the climate turned warm and arid. The Lop Nur region is characterized by particularly humid stadials and arid interstadials. The climate variability in Lop Nur was constrained by global climate change because it is correlated with Dansgaard–Oeschger and Heinrich events, which were observed at the northern high latitudes. The synchroneity of the palaeoclimatic events suggested that cold air activity at the northern high latitudes was the most important factor that influenced the climate evolution in the Lop Nur region. A probable mechanism that involves the migration of westerly winds is proposed to interpret this synchroneity.     

高温高压下玄琥质淬火玻璃的折光率研究

在１．００－３．５０ＧＰａ、１５００－１７００℃的温压范围,以福建闽清碱性玄武财ＦＭ－９１为初始物料,进行了高温高压熔融实验,通过对淬火玻璃的成分和折光的研究,发现压力的发迹对折光率的变化有着较大的影响,而温度的改变基本不影响折光主,并讨论了在成分不变的前提下,温度和压力的改变对熔体结构的可能影响及意义。