云南白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区碳氧同位素组成及其意义

为探讨兰坪盆地内白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区水_岩反应的可能性 ,对矿集区的热液矿物、蚀变岩石和原岩的碳、氧同位素组成进行了分析。分析结果显示 ,热液成矿阶段形成的方解石、菱铁矿、菱锶矿的δ13 CPDB 值为-8.3‰～ + 2 .7‰ ,相对变化较小 ;而δ18OSMOW 值为 -2 .5‰～ + 2 4.3‰ ,变化较大 ,且出现了自然界中少见的极低值(± 0‰ )。水岩交换模拟反应显示 ,在成矿早阶段 ,成矿流体的δ13 C和δ18O值分别为 -7‰和 + 7‰ ,与岩浆水组成特征相似 ,它是一种具有深源CO2 的热卤水。在此流体中 ,可溶性碳以HCO-3 为主 ,方解石等热液矿物的形成温度为3 0 0～ 160℃ ,水岩交换比值较小 (0～ 0 .4)。在成矿晚阶段 ,成矿流体的δ13 C和δ18O值分别为 -2 .5‰和 -12 .5‰ ,可溶性碳以H2 CO3 为主 ,方解石等形成温度为 2 50～ 150℃ ,水岩交换比值稍大 (0 .2～ 0 .6) ,显示出晚阶段成矿流体具有大气降水的特征。δ13 C值的增加 ,很可能与降温作用和灰岩的溶解或去碳酸盐化作用有关     

积云对流参数化方案对东亚夏季环流和降水模拟的影响

利用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式对东亚夏季区域气候模拟中最常选用的两种积云对流参数化方案进行对比分析,研究积云对流参数化方案选用对大尺度环流模拟的影响。结果表明:Kain-Fritsch（KF）方案对西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）及环流的模拟效果较好,虽然KF方案模拟降水偏多,但是时空分布与TRMM降水分布接近;Grell-Freitas（GF）方案对流加热率过大,从而模拟的南海—菲律宾区域对流异常增强,在南海—菲律宾洋面上的垂直输送异常增大,非绝热加热的范围偏大,导致副高南侧下沉区辐散减弱,抑制了副高北抬西伸,进而影响到水汽输送和季风环流,最终对东亚夏季降水的模拟产生不利影响。修改GF方案对流加热率和干燥率的敏感性试验表明,减小对流加热率和干燥率参数能有效抑制南海—菲律宾区域过强的对流,东亚大尺度环流的模拟得到明显改进。     

华南沿海现代海平面变动和新构造运动

近３０年验潮资料的年变速率的估算结果表明，华南沿海平均以１￣１．２ｍｍ／ａ速率抬升。新构造运动使各个不同岸段相对的海平面变动有如下差异：珠江三角洲和雷琼地区东海岸的海平面抬升速率明显超过１ｍｍ／ａ，闽东、粤东沿海则小于１ｍｍ／ａ，甚至呈下降趋势，局部岸段（如台湾海峡西岸）因海洋水文影响其上升速率也较大。     

海洋直接注入CO2封存技术方法综述

人类活动造成的CO₂排放是全球气候变暖面临的主要挑战之一。CO₂封存有望成为全世界减少碳排放份额最大的单项技术。海洋碳捕获、利用和封存(OCCUS)可以在较短时间内提供最大的碳封存能力,与其他地质封存方法相比更加安全有效。而且,多相态形式的CO₂(气态、液态、固态和水合物)可以在海洋纵深尺度上实现直接注入。海洋碳封存是一项发展潜力巨大、优势明显的新兴碳封存技术,是实现大规模碳减排的重要措施之一,具有广阔的应用前景。因此,笔者等系统地阐述了海洋CO₂直接注入、封存(OCS)的基本原理、技术现状、监测与评估,以及环境方面的影响,并对高效CO₂注入技术,CO₂泄漏的检测、防范与补救技术,以及海洋碳封存的生态后效等方面进行了展望。     

氨及亚硝酸盐对真鲷仔鱼的急性毒性研究

氨是水产动物蛋白质代谢的最终产物,亚硝酸盐是氨硝化作用的中间产物。在养殖系统中氨及亚硝酸盐都有可能积累到使鱼放毒的程度。因而了解养殖对象对氨及亚硝酸盐的忍耐程度是必需的。     

粤西玻璃陨石的发现及其断代意义

对粤西电白、茂名、吴川一带发现的玻璃陨石(雷公墨),进行了年代和化学成分测定,证明它们和邻近的雷琼地区以至澳亚散布区内其它地区的玻璃陨石一样,是同一地质事件的产物。本文根据雷公墨所在层位,大体确定了若干第四系剖面的时代,为判断吴川-四会断裂带的近期活动提供了依据。     

河套平原沉积物中铀的赋存形态及其与地下水铀浓度的关系

采用Tessier的五步提取法,对位于河套平原杭锦后旗沙海乡四个钻孔沉积物进行铀的五个赋存形态(包括可交换态、碳酸盐吸附态、铁锰氧化物吸附态、有机物或硫化物吸附态和基质态)分布特征研究。结果发现,铁锰氧化物结合态铀含量为0.140~0.328 mg/kg,占总铀量的34.7%;基质态中铀的含量为0.256~0.405 mg/kg,占44.0%。对于铁锰氧化物结合态,铀含量与铁、锰含量呈正相关性,其中铀与铁线性相关系数0.311~0.482,铀与锰线性相关系数0.506~0.642。表明,沉积物中锰氧化物对铀含量的影响大于铁氧化物对铀含量的影响。进一步研究发现,沉积物岩性对铀含量的影响较大,总铀在细砂中平均含量为0.088 mg/kg,在黏土中平均量为0.260 mg/kg。不同深度地下水中铀浓度和沉积物铀含量的研究表明,随深度增加,地下水中铀浓度与含水层沉积物中铀含量均呈降低的趋势。地下水中铀浓度受含水层中可交换态铀含量的直接影响。     

Large and superlarge silver deposits associated with volcanic rocks in China

This paper deals with the geology and geochemistry of the Gacun and Laochang large-sized marine volcanic rock-type Ag deposits in the Sanjiang (Tri-River) area of southwestern China and of the continental volcanic-subvolcanic rock-type Ag deposits in the Tianshan area of Xinjiang, and in the East area, China. It is considered that the marine volcanic rock-type Ag deposits occur mainly in the second-ordered volcano-sedimentary basins developed in island-arc and rift tectonic environments. The Ag deposits show an obvious zonation, with vein-network mineralization in the lower parts and hot water sedimentary rock-hosted stratified mineralization in the upper parts. From the Earth’s surface downwards the ore-forming elements follows the order of As(Au)) →Ag, Pb, Zn→Cu. The whole rock Rb-Sr isotopic isochron age of layered orebodies in the Gacun deposit is 204±14 Ma, indicating that the main stage of mineralization is Late Triassic in age. The continental volcanic-subvolcanic (porphyry) rock-type Ag deposits were formed later than the country rocks. The ores exhibit disseminated, veinlet disseminated, network and lumped structures. In addition, this study also deals with the geochemical characteristics of the continental volcanic-subvolcanic rock-type Ag deposits and the relations between Ag deposits or silver itself and fluorite, halogen-family elements and manganese.     

An extended STIRPAT model-based methodology for evaluating the driving forces affecting carbon emissions in existing public building sector: evidence from China in 2000–2015

In recent decades, population growth associated with unplanned urban occupation has increased the vulnerability of the Brazilian population to natural disasters. In susceptible regions, early flood forecasting is essential for risk management. Still, in Brazil, most flood forecast and warning systems are based either on simplified models of flood wave propagation through the drainage network or on stochastic models. This paper presents a methodology for flood forecasting aiming to an operational warning system that proposes to increase the lead time of a warning through the use of an ensemble of meteorological forecasts. The chosen configuration was chosen so it would be feasible for an operational flood forecast and risk management. The methodology was applied to the flood forecast for the Itajaí-Açu River basin, a region which comprises a drainage area of approximately 15,500 km² in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, historically affected by floods. Ensemble weather forecasts were used as input to the MHD-INPE hydrological model, and the performance of the methodology was assessed through statistical indicators. Results suggest that flood warnings can be issued up to 48 h in advance, with a low rate of false warnings. Streamflow forecasting through the use of hydrological ensemble prediction systems is still scarce in Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this methodology aiming to an operational flood risk management system has been tested in Brazil.     

开封市近55a气温变化特征分析

利用开封市1951-2005年气温资料,分析了开封市近55 a气温变化特征,结果表明:开封市总体气温变化呈上升趋势,与全球气候变化基本一致;年平均气温前期10 a较低,中期30 a保持稳定,后期15 a明显上升;夏季气温相对稳定,春、秋和冬季气温升高,冬季气温升高尤明显;1-4月及10-12月气温升高,5、8、9月气温相对稳定,6、7月气温略有下降。年极端最高气温明显下降,年平均最高气温保持稳定,年极端最低气温和年平均最低气温都明显升高。极端气温事件减少,发生程度降低。