遥感影像分类与地学知识发现的集成研究

遥感与地学之间存在着数据与知识上巨大的互补性。本文通过地面类型数据将遥感影像分类与地学知识发现结合起来:用遥感数据驱动发现地学知识,用地学知识解释、确认、检验遥感分类结果,并使用统计值和分布谱来定量化表达地学知识,形成一体化的遥感地学分类系统。     

基于栅格的关中平原城市群人居环境质量综合评价

基于自然与人文多重栅格数据,构建人居环境质量综合指数评价模型,分析2015年关中平原城市群人居环境的空间分异格局,并对人口分布与人居环境质量的协同性进行探讨。结果表明:(1)人居自然环境呈现出自东向西,由山地、高原向平原、谷地依次递减的空间分布格局,受地形影响最为明显,地形起伏度与人居自然环境呈负相关关系。(2)人居人文环境表现出平原低、山区高,城镇高于乡村的空间分布格局,受城市行政层级影响显著。(3)关中平原城市群人居环境综合质量指数介于0.216~0.716之间,呈现出以关中平原、汾河谷地向外梯级递减的带状空间分布格局。(4)关中平原城市群人口密度与人居环境质量空间分布显著一致,总体呈现出平原高于山地,城市高于乡村的空间分布规律,人居环境质量越高,人口密度越大,土地利用也越充分。     

沙拐枣属（Calligonum L.）7种植物总DNA提取方法的改进及鉴定

 摸索沙拐枣属（Calligonum L.）七种植物沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. ）、泡果沙拐枣（C. junceum (Fisch. et Mey.) Endl.）、无叶沙拐枣（C. aphyllum (Pall.) Gürke）、红果沙拐枣（C. rubicundum Bge.）、心形沙拐枣（C. cordatum E. Kor. ex N. Pavl.）、密刺沙拐枣(C. densum Borszcz.)、乔木状沙拐枣（C. arborescens Litv.）的总DNA提取方法并对DNA样品的纯度和浓度进行鉴定,对传统的CTAB法进行方法和材料的改进,开展与总DNA相关的PCR扩增和其他遗传学分析,并取得满意的结果。其结果对于沙拐枣属植物的有关研究提供了有效的实验手段。     

Extensional Setting of Hainan Island in Mesoproterozoic: Evidence from Granitic Intrusions in the Baoban Group

The Mesoproterozoic Baoban Group is the oldest basement in Hainan Island and has played an important role in Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent reconstructions. The Mesoproterozoic granitic intrusions in the Baoban Group are the most widely-exposed Precambrian magmatic rocks and are the key to understanding the tectonic settings of Hainan Island and its relationship with the South China Block and the Columbia supercontinent. New LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating on three mylonitic granite samples from the Tuwaishan and Baoban areas yield ages ranging from 1447 Ma to 1437 Ma, representing the absolute timing of the emplacement of the granitic intrusions. Combined with previously published geochronological data for rocks from the Baoban Group and regional mafic intrusions, it is concluded that the Baoban Group formed at 1460–1430 Ma, coeval with the emplacement of the granitic and mafic intrusions. New in-situ zircon Lu-Hf isotope analyses for the three mylonitic granite samples yielded positive εHf(t) values, ranging from +0.49 to +8.27, with model ages (TCDM) ranging from 2181 Ma to 1687 Ma, suggesting that the granitic intrusions originated from a mixed source of Paleoproterozoic crust with juvenile crust. New zircon trace element data show characteristics of high Th/U values of 0.24–1.50, steep slopes from LREE to HREE and negative Pr, Eu anomalies with positive Ce, Sm anomalies, representing typical magmatic zircons formed in continental crust. Compared with available magmatic and detrital zircon ages from Precambrian rocks in the Cathaysia Block, Yangtze Block and western Laurentia, it is inferred that Hainan Island was separated from both the Cathaysia Block and the Yangtze Block, instead being connected with western Laurentia in the Columbia supercontinent. Considering the decreasing tendency of basin deposition time along the western margin of Laurentia, it is proposed that Hainan Island was located to the north or northwest of the Belt-Purcell Supergroup, along the western margin of Laurentia, during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.     

空间分辨率对总初级生产力模拟结果差异的影响

利用模型分析气候变化对陆地生态系统功能的影响,是当前全球变化生态学的研究热点,然而模型模拟不确定性来源之一就是空间异质性的问题。空间异质性是尺度的函数,基于气象和遥感数据驱动的生态系统过程模型（BEPS模型）,分别模拟2003-2005年中国生态系统通量观测与研究网络（ChinaFLUX）长白山站、千烟洲站、海北站及当雄站在1 km和8 km空间分辨率下的总初级生产力（GPP）的时间动态变化,并结合土地覆盖类型及叶面积指数(LAI)的差异,探讨两种空间分辨率输入数据对GPP模拟结果的影响。结果表明：① 差异性主要是由于8 km范围内混合像元导致LAI的不同,4个站点月均差异值分别为0.85、1.60、0.13及0.04;② 两种空间分辨率均能较好地反映各站点GPP的季节动态变化,与GPP观测值的相关性R²为0.79~0.97 (1 km)、0.69~0.97(8 km),月均差异值为11.46~29.65 gC/m²/month (1 km)、11.87~24.81 gC/m²/month (8 km);③ 4个通量站点在两种空间分辨率下的GPP月均差异值分别为14.43,12.05,4.79,3.22 gC/m²/month,不同空间分辨率的模拟结果在森林站的差异大于草地站,且生长季的差异大于非生长季。因此,模型在模拟大尺度、长时间序列GPP时,为了提高模型模拟效率,适度降低空间分辨率是可行的,但应尽量减小低空间分辨率对于森林生态系统以及生长季GPP模拟上的误差。     

库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产的旅游开发

对库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产进行旅游开发,既有利于“大敦煌”地区人-地关系的和谐演进,又有利于全面推进“大敦煌”地区旅游业的可持续发展。应用观察法、描述法、系统调查分析法等定性研究方法,在阐述库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产旅游开发意义的基础上,建设性地提出将库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产开发为旅游产品、旅游商品和旅游节事的途径、方式和方法。最后,根据风沙地貌特征和旅游发展需要,指出对库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌遗产进行旅游开发时应该注意的生态环境保护、旅游形象和安全管理、基础设施建设等问题。     

新疆城市化与经济发展协调性分析

从新疆自20世纪80年代以来城市化水平与经济发展水平、产业结构的变化的吻合度或偏离度，来论述新疆的城市化水平是否与经济发展相协调，求证新疆城市化与经济发展水平之间的相关关系，并预测城市化率；剖析新疆城市化滞后于经济发展的原因，提出新疆正处于城市化由初期向快速发展期的过渡阶段，加快城市化的关键是推进工业化。     

兖州市加快合村并点保障经济社会发展

近年来,兖州市坚持以科学发展观为指导,着眼于集约节约用地,以实施合村并点、挂钩试点为突破口,大力推进村庄整理,全市已经改造整理村庄38个,节约土地300hm^2,并计划结合村庄合并建设50多个中心社区,可节约土地0．2万余公顷。     

Causes of rockfalls in Al-Huwayshah area,Yemen

According to topography of Yemen,most areas and villages are located at obligated crest,toe of mountain and under cliffs.Therefore Al-Huwayshah consisting of Tawilah sandstone group is characterized by steep slope reach to 90° in some areas.This area is affected by strong tectonic movements and faults that occurred during the geological epochs.This effect enhances to find out fractures and joints as well as the rocks become brittle and ready to slide depending on the position of area.And there are some frac...