九寨沟M_s7.0地震前地应变LURR异常演化特征

从岩石应力-应变的本构关系出发,以能够反映岩石应变变化的地应变观测数据作为"响应量",通过库伦应力触发模型的加卸载响应比计算方法,计算2017年8月8日九寨沟M_S7.0地震前震中及周边500km范围内应变观测的加卸载响应比结果。结果显示,基于应变观测的加卸载响应比方法能够较好地从潮汐频段提取地震前LURR异常,九寨沟地震前,300km范围内的多个应变观测台站出现LURR异常,其中相距96km的两水台EW分量Y值最大达到3.27;LURR空间演化特征显示,在震前约9个月内震中及周边地区陆续出现异常"集中—增强—减弱"过程,证明该地区在长期应力累积的背景下,应力的不断累积增强导致震中及附近区域的岩石出现不断损伤或弱化,最终位于树正断裂上的应变能积累超过了介质强度而引发了此次地震。     

龙陵地区大地震前后平均应力轴取向的时间变化

本文根据区域台网的观测资料,研究了云南省龙陵地区1971年至1980年的小震平均节面解的变化特点。结果表明:1.1971年2月至1975年11月,平均节面解的P轴方位同北东-南西向的区域应力场一致;2.大震前半年和大震后两天的P轴方位变为340°和176°,同主震的P轴相一致;3.强余震前的小震平均节面解同强余震的节面解相似;4.1977年至1980年3月,P波初动符号的矛盾比上升到30％以上,在此期间本区未发生5级以上的地震。最后讨论了本文所得的结果及其前兆意义。     

安徽铜陵凤凰山岩体若干特征及成矿关系

<正> 安徽铜陵凤凰山岩体,出露面积约9km2,呈似岩株状,总体成分属正常的钙碱系列的花岗闪长岩,副矿物为磁铁矿、榍石、磷灰石型,主要侵入于中三叠纪扁担山组灰岩中。岩体接触带北部向北陡倾,东部向东中等倾斜,南部向南倾较缓,西部超覆于围岩之上而产状较复杂。     

Response of hydrothermal activity in different types of soil at ground surface to rainfall in permafrost region

In order to understand the hydrothermal activity mechanism of active layers to rainfall in permafrost regions caused by humidification of climate, the differences of ground surface energy balance and hydrothermal activity in different types of shallow soil with the consideration of rainfall were discussed. Based on the meteorological data in 2013 observed at Beiluhe observation station of Tibet Plateau, three types of shallow ground soil (i.e., sandy soil, sandy loam and silty clay) were selected to compare the differences in the water content and energy balance at the ground surface, dynamic processes of water and energy transport in active layers and coupling mechanism under rainfall condition in the plateau using a coupled water-vapor-heat transport model. The results show that the increase of soil particle size leads to the increase of surface net radiation and latent heat of evaporation, but the decrease of soil heat flux. The difference of surface energy balance, especially the sensible heat flux and latent heat of evaporation, are larger in the warm season but smaller in the cold season. The liquid water transport under hydraulic gradient and the water-vapor transport under thermal gradient are obvious as the particle size in soil increases. However, the water-vapor flux under thermal gradient increases but the liquid water flux under hydraulic potential gradient decreases. As a result, the water content in shallow soil decreases accordingly but it increases slightly at the depth of 25 ~75 cm. Moreover, with the increase of soil particle size, the thermal conductivity of soil, convective heat transfer under rainfall and surface evaporation increase, but the soil heat conduction flux and soil temperature gradient decrease. Thus, soil temperature in sandy soil is much higher than that of sandy loam and silty clay at the same depth. The permafrost table declines with the increase of the thickness of active layer, which is unfavourable to permafrost stability. The results can provide theoretical reference for stability prediction and protection of permafrost caused by humidification of climate.     

基于小波系数分割的局部自适应阈值图像去噪

针对自适应小波阈值去噪中方形局部窗口不能很好地适应小波系数自身边缘特征的问题，本文提出了一种基于图像分割的局部自适应小波阈值去噪方法。该方法首先对图像进行多尺度小波分解，其次利用图像分割技术对图像的各尺度小波系数分别进行分割，分割技术选用SLIC超像素分割法得到具有相似统计特性的不规则局部块，然后对每个分割块内的小波系数进行BayesShrink阈值估计和软阈值收缩，最后通过小波逆变换得到去噪图像，并在3幅标准测试图像和一幅高光谱影像上进行试验。试验结果表明，本文提出的方法能更好地适应小波系数自身的边缘特征，不仅能够获得更好的视觉效果，而且能够达到较高水平的数值指标。     

GPS信号多路径分析与处理技术

描述了GPS信号传输过程中的多路径问题，分析了多路径产生测量误差的机理，给出了多路径消除的处理技术，包括空间域和时间域的最新方法，指出了未来多路径问题需要重点关注，尤其是对高精度卫星导航应用领域。     

基于IP核的RAM VHDL设计

介绍了VHDL(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware DescHption Language)语言和IP核的特点，通过实例，详细阐述了IP核的使用方法和步骤，最后初步阐述了电路的优化方法。     

碳酸盐岩喀斯特溶洞和裂缝系统的地震模拟与预测

提出了有助于确定碳酸盐岩裂缝带和喀斯特溶洞系统空间分布的地震正演模拟和预测方法。地震正演方法包含两个关键步骤，一是利用弹性波动方程计算含缝洞介质的有效弹性参数，另一步骤是根据有效弹性参数构成的等效地质模型，用单程声学波动方程进行波场延拓。数值模拟和实际地震数据的例子说明，将地震正演剖面与地震偏移剖面相结合进行对比分析有可能识别和预测碳酸盐岩地层中的缝洞发育带。     

Evolution mechanisms of the intraseasonal oscillation associated with the Yangtze River Basin flood in 1998

Early in the1970s,Madden and Julian[1,2]first re-vealed the existence of eastward propagation of the intraseasonal(or30-60-day)oscillation(ISO)in the zonal wind fields over the tropics.Later on,the northward propagation of the ISO activities over the Indian Ocean was discovered by Yasunari[3,4],which accounts for the seasonal variations of the Indian summer monsoon.Similar studies were carried out on the low-frequency oscillation activities related to the ENSO and the East Asian summer …     

基于DEM的地层界线V字型法则实现

地质人员经常依照V字型法则连接地层出露界线,但因其随意性和局限性容易出现误差和错误.基于GIS的机助地质填图系统中,基于等高线求取界线由于等高线的不连续性有着明显的局限性.为此,在DEM形成的三维空间中通过求解DEM与空间平面交线的方法来获取地质界线,可以有效地提高精度.文章分析探讨了基于不规则三角形网的地层界线求取思路,并通过实际例子对V字型法则给以实现,结果证明该方法执行速度较快、精度高.