Drinking water supplies in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, are completely dependent on groundwater sourced from pumping
wells located in an alluvial plain of the Tuul River which flows through Ulaanbaatar. The interaction between groundwater in the
alluvial plain and river surface water was investigated using a hydrological and multi-tracers approach. The observed groundwater
contour map clearly shows that the Tuul River recharges the floodplain groundwater and groundwater flows from east to west.
The similarity of chemical and stable isotopic compositions suggests that groundwater is mainly recharged by Tuul River water in
the vicinity of the river. In addition, considering groundwater contours and chemical composition, groundwater in the northern and
southern mountain sides contribute to floodplain groundwater. Stable isotopic information suggests that winter season precipitation
also contributes to the groundwater, because groundwater in a specific region has a considerably lower isotopic ratio. Using
the End Member Mixing Analysis applying oxygen-18, SiO2 and HCO3- as tracers, the contribution ratios of the Tuul River,
groundwater in the northern and southern mountain regions, and winter season precipitation to floodplain groundwater are estimated
to be 58% to 85%, 1% to 54%, 0% to 16%, and 0% to 12%, respectively. 相似文献
Two semi-asymmetric flow patterns of typhoons are chosen to qualitatively determine the effect of exchange of horizontal momentum between inflow and outflow layers and the environment on the motion of typhoons. The results show that only the asymmetric flow component (residual after azimuthal mean flow has been removed) could cause a net momentum input into or output from a typhoon and therefore contribute to the changes in speed and direction of the typhoon movement. A typhoon with major inflow and/or outflow channels on its right (left) side would tend to accelerate and turn left (decelerate and turn right); On the other hand, a typhoon with major inflow and/or outflow channels in the rear (front) semicircle would tend to accelerate and turn right (decelerate and turn left). 相似文献