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941.
942.
The analysis of modal and normative composition of sedimentary rocks is widely used for studying their sources and tectonic settings. The normative calculation of the mineral composition of rocks in this study is formulated as a linear programming problem and is solved by means of the simplex method. This enables both simultaneous and successive subtraction of a set of basic minerals from a rock sample represented by its chemical composition {SiO2...LOI}. Such an approach provides a more exact calculation of the contribution of basic minerals in the rock. This mathematical approach is used to study two representative sets of sandstones and fine-grained rocks from a Meso- to Neoproterozoic marginal basin of southeastern Siberia (Uchur–Maya region, Yakutia) and a Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian uplifted continental block in Colorado, USA. The calculated normative mineral compositions of the Siberian sandstones are consistent with the observed modal compositions. These sandstones vary from K- Feldspar rich arkoses at the base of the sequence (the Uchur Group, lower Riphean) to quartz arenites or lithic sandstones and wacke in transgressive successions of the middle-upper Riphean. Arkoses and quartz arenites are dominant in Meso- to Neoproterozoic Siberia. These samples represent craton interior uplifted basement and quartzose, recycled orogen provenance of a stable craton in Rodinia. There are higher but consistent discrepancies between the calculated and observed compositions for the Pennsylvanian to Lower-Permian arkoses and quartz arenites (Sangre de Cristo, Belden, and Maroon Formations). The differences between the predicted and observed mineralogy may be due to uncertainties in the modes in the matrix and cement of the sandstones. This normative program should supplement modal calculations and provide better genetic constructions, especially in case of matrix-rich sandstones. 相似文献
943.
The subduction of spreading ridges creates a special geodynamic setting distinguished by the interference of convergent and
divergent boundaries between lithospheric plates and their long-term interaction accompanied by the formation of characteristic
geological complexes and structures. The available data on subduction of the contemporary Chile Ridge make it possible to
reconstruct such settings in the geological past. The subduction of the spreading ridge leads to uplift of the continental
margin, cut off the accretionary wedge by means of tectonic erosion, emplacement of a fold-thrust structure and longitudinal
strike-slip faults, and creates settings favorable for obduction of the young oceanic lithosphere. A lithospheric window expressed
in geological and geophysical features opens beneath the continental margin at the continuation of the ridge axis. The subduction-related
volcanic activity ceases above this window, giving way to specific proximal magmatism close to the boundary with the ocean and distal magmatism at a distance from this boundary. The proximal bimodal magmatism was related to the sources of tholeiitic basalts
characteristic of the ridge involved in subduction and to the partial melting of its oceanic crust and sediments. The distal
basaltic magmatism is a product of melting of the fertile oceanic asthenosphere ascending through the lithospheric window
with subsequent transformation of magma in the mantle wedge and the continental crust. The use of the Chilean tectonotype
for paleoreconstructions is limited by the diverse settings of ridge subduction. The Paleogene magmatism at the Pacific margin
of Alaska, where the kinematics of subduction was close to the Chilean subduction, is similar to the proximal igneous rocks
of Chile in composition and zoning, retaining some geological differences. Another aspect of the paleoreconstruction is discussed
on the basis of Jurassic and Cretaceous granitoids of the Ekonai Terrane of the Anadyr-Koryak System and terranes of southern
Alaska. These localities are known for a special, accretionary type of granitoids in the forearc region related to anatectic
magma formation without participation of the plunging ridge. Proceeding from comparison with the Chilean tectonotype, the
criteria for the identification of granitoids varying in their origin are considered. The effect of subducting ridges on continental
margins changed over geologic time and was subject to the rhythm of supercontinental cycles. 相似文献
944.
V. A. Pervov S. V. Somov A. V. Korshunov E. V. Dulapchii J. T. Félix 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2011,53(4):295-308
The Catoca kimberlite pipe is among the world’s largest primary diamond deposits. The Catoca volcanic edifice is only slightly
eroded. Kimberlitic rocks of various facies compose a crater of about 1 km in diameter and a diatreme. The structure of the
pipe and mining conditions of the deposit are complicated by intense intrapipe tectonic processes related to large-amplitude
subsidence. Based on geological data, we propose a structural model of the deposit and a paleovolcanological model of the
Catoca pipe formed during a full cycle beginning with a stage of active volcanism and completed by stages of gradually waning
volcanic activity and sedimentation. It is suggested that the banded tuffisitic kimberlite of the crater zone was deposited
at the stage of active volcanic eruption from specific pyroclastic suspension as a low-viscosity mixture of crystals and aqueous
sol rich in serpentine. 相似文献
945.
In the overall tectonic set up of various coal basins of the Peninsular India, the Son-Mahanadi Valley coal basins of Central India have a unique disposition. The coal measures sediments of Peninsular India are developed along well defined E-W and NW-SE trending linear narrow belts. The Son-Mahanadi Valley basins represent the tract where NW-SE trending Mahanadi Valley basins seemingly merge with the major east-west trending Damodar-Koel-Son-Satpura alignment. Landsat data of Son-Mahanadi Valley basins in the four spectral bands (0.5 to 1.1 Micrometers) were used to pick up the lineaments which are possibly of geologic origin. Detailed analysis of lineaments were carried out with the help of three softwares. Diglin (to produce rose diagram) and PLLIN (to plot digitized lineaments to produce a map on any scale) by a Hewlett Packard 45 series microcomputer equipped with graphics screen, plotter, digitiser and floppy disc unit. Detailed analysis revealed a pronounced direction roughly, N 70°E which is present in the northern half of the area while N 40°W direction is present alongwith N 70°E in the southern half. These trends correspond to the NW-SE trending Mahanadi Valley and to the E-W trending Damodar-Son Satpura belt. The above clearly brings out the striking parallelism between the lineament trends in the basement and the overlying coal bearing Gondwana Sediments. This parallelism is suggestive of a genetic relationship between the two. 相似文献
946.
Propagation of electromagnetic inertio-gravity (IG) waves in the partially ionized ionospheric E- and F-layers is considered in the shallow water approximation. Accounting of the field-aligned current is the main novelty of the investigation. Existence of two new eigen-frequencies for fast and slow electromagnetic waves is revealed in the ionospheric E-layer. It is shown that in F-layer slowly damping new type of inertial-fast magnetosonic waves can propagate. Slowly damping low-frequency oscillations connected with the field-aligned conductivity are found. Broad spectrum of oscillations is investigated. 相似文献
947.
The surface M
2 tide in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) is reproduced on the basis of the QUODDY-4 three-dimensional finite-element
hydrodynamic model. Particular emphasis has been placed on comparing model estimates for the amplitudes and phases of tidal
elevations and the parameters of ellipses (major semiaxis and eccentricity) of the barotropic tidal current velocity with
observational data. We present their spatial distributions and the distributions of averaged (over a tidal cycle) values of
the density, horizontal transfer, and dissipation rate of barotropic tidal energy. It is found that the CAA is a much less
effective dissipator of barotropic tidal energy than the World Ocean. 相似文献
948.
949.
950.
Reza Deevsalar Ryuichi Shinjo Jean P. Liégeois Mohammad V. Valizadeh Jamshid Ahmadian Hadi Yeganehfar Mamoru Murata Iain Neill 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2018,111(1-2):269-293
The Malayer–Boroujerd plutonic complex (MBPC) in western Iran, consists of a portion of a magmatic arc built by the northeast verging subduction of the Neo-Tethys plate beneath the Central Iranian Microcontinent (CIMC). Middle Jurassic-aged felsic magmatic activity in MBPC is manifested by I-type and S-type granites. The mafic rocks include gabbroic intrusions and dykes and intermediate rocks are dioritic dykes and minor intrusions, as well as mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). MBPC Jurassic-aged rocks exhibit arc-like geochemical signatures, as they are LILE- and LREE-enriched and HFSE- and HREE-depleted and display negative Nb–Ta anomalies. The gabbro dykes and intrusions originated from metasomatically enriched garnet-spinel lherzolite [Degree of melting (fmel) ~ 15%] and exhibit negative Nd and positive to slightly negative εHf(T) (+ 3.0 to ? 1.6). The data reveal that evolution of Middle Jurassic magmatism occurred in two stages: (1) deep mantle-crust interplay zone and (2) the shallow level upper crustal magma chamber. The geochemical and isotopic data, as well as trace element modeling, indicate the parent magma for the MBPC S-type granites are products of upper crustal greywacke (fmel: 0.2), while I-type granites formed by partial melting of amphibolitic lower crust (fmel: 0.25) and mixing with upper crustal greywacke melt in a shallow level magma chamber [Degree of mixing (fmix): 0.3]. Mixing between andesitic melt leaving behind a refractory dense cumulates during partial crystallization of mantle-derived magma and lower crustal partial melt most likely produced MMEs (fmix: 0.2). However, enriched and moderately variable εNd(T) (? 3.21 to ? 4.33) and high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7085–0.7092) in dioritic intrusions indicate that these magmas are likely experienced assimilation of upper crustal materials. The interpretations of magmatic activity in the MBPC is consistent with the role considered for mantle-derived magma as heat and mass supplier for initiation and evolution of magmatism in continental arc setting, elsewhere. 相似文献