高频电磁法在鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起区砂岩型铀矿勘探中的应用

砂岩型铀矿已经成为中国非常重要的铀矿类型,不少资料表明,在含油气盆地中,砂岩型铀矿与油气藏的关系密切,大型沉积盆地不但是油气田勘探的重要靶区,也是寻找砂岩型铀矿的重要方向。在地球物理勘探中,每种地球物理方法都有其应用条件和优缺点,寻找一种快速经济有效的适合铀矿勘查手段显得非常重要。高频电磁法是一种野外数据采集设备轻便、观测时间短、可快速密点连续测量的方法。本文针对砂岩型铀矿的特点,在应用该项技术进行铀矿勘查方面进行了一系列研究,自行开发了针对性的二维反演软件,有效提高了测量分辨率和地质解释的精度。本文介绍了高频电磁法在寻找砂岩型铀矿勘探方面的应用实例与效果,提出了以后开展类似工作的建议。     

冰盖下矩形河道的综合糙率

综合糙率是采用曼宁公式确定河道水位和流量关系的关键参数。在河道冰封期,冰盖的出现增加了流动的阻力,明流条件下确定的综合糙率不再适用,需要重新估算。基于Einstein阻力划分过流断面的原理,冰盖下矩形河道的过水断面可划分为冰盖区、河床区和边壁区。根据总流的连续性方程,在确定各分区糙率系数、水力半径和断面面积的基础上,提出了冰盖下矩形河道综合糙率的计算公式。采用已有的试验水槽测量数据和天然河道实测资料对公式进行了验证,结果表明:公式计算的综合糙率与实测值吻合较好,与Einstein公式和Sabaneev公式相比,计算精度更高;对于冰封水流,宽浅河道采用分区水深代替水力半径进行简化计算的条件有别于明渠水流,在宽深比大于20时,计算结果才满足精度要求。     

北京地区碳酸盐岩热储渗透性研究

为了从整体上了解北京地区雾迷山组热储的渗透性,首先对采自野外露头和井下热储的34件岩心的孔隙度和渗透率进行了研究和对比,结果显示井下岩心与野外露头岩心渗透率的变化范围分别为（0.0001158～0.33333）10-3m2 和（0.0088～0.334）10-3m2,平均值分别为0.062232110-3m2和0.38531610-3m2。所有岩心的孔隙度在0.25% ～3.00%之间。110眼地热井的抽水试验结果显示,热储渗透率介于（13.74～104474.00）10-3m2之间,平均值为4797.5810-3m2。渗透率在（100～1000）10-3m2之间的累积百分数超过了75%,渗透率小于10010-3m2的样本数仅占13.64%,还有0.91%的样本渗透率超过了10000010-3m2。为表现顶板不同埋深条件与热储渗透率的关系,将顶板埋深分为小于500m、500～1000m、1000～1500m、1500～2000m、2000～2500m、2500～3000m、3000～3500m 7个层段。结果显示热储平均渗透率随热储顶板平均埋深的增大以指数形式减小。     

Variations of Hydrodynamics and Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Yellow River Estuary Under the Influence of the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme

The “Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme” (WSRS) is critically important to the hydrologic evaluation of the Yellow River estuary since a huge pulse of water and sediment are delivered into the sea during a short period. We used the natural geochemical tracers radium (²²³Ra, ²²⁴Ra, ²²⁶Ra) and radon (²²²Rn) isotopes as well as other hydrological parameters to investigate the mixing variations and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the Yellow River estuary under the influence of the 2013 WSRS. Dramatically elevated radium and radon isotopic activities were observed during this WSRS compared with activities measured during a non-WSRS period. Radium “water ages” indicated that the offshore transport rate nearly tripled when the river discharge increased from 400 to 3400 m³/s. We calculated the SGD flux in the Yellow River estuary based on a radium mass balance model as well as radium and radon time-series models. The SGD flux was estimated at 0.02~0.20 m/day during a non-WSRS period and 0.67~1.22 m/day during the 2013 WSRS period. The results also indicate that large river discharge tends to lead more intense SGD along the river channel direction with a large amount of fresh SGD.     

裂缝性岩石裂缝扩展的光弹构造物理模拟——以南华北盆地户部寨沙河阶组为例

以南华北盆地户部寨第三系沙河阶组粉砂岩低渗透储层为例,总结了其中发育的5种类型构造裂缝组合,即:①南北向雁形张节理组成的共轭剪节理带;②东西向雁形张节理组成的共轭剪节理带;③缠结状多组剪切构造裂缝;④组合状交切的多组剪切构造裂缝及张裂缝;⑤散状无序排列的构造裂缝。在此基础上,建立光弹性试验构造物理模型,沿现应力场96°方向,均匀地对该模型逐步增加外载力。结果表明,沿各组合裂缝尖端分别形成对称于裂缝走向、且主轴垂直于裂缝的Ⅰ型等色线条纹;对称于裂缝走向、且主轴平行于裂缝走向的Ⅱ型条纹和斜交于裂缝走向的复合型(Ⅲ型)条纹。第①类组合裂缝尖端以Ⅰ型等色线条纹的拉张应力和张剪应力为主;第②类组合裂缝尖端以复合型(Ⅲ型)等色线条纹的挤压应力为主;第③、④和⑤类组合裂缝尖端的应力分布较为复杂。当模型外载荷接近1000kg时,裂缝尖端起裂,并开始发育显微裂缝,而当外载荷达1100-1200 kg时,沿裂缝尖端部位形成宏观裂缝,并开始扩展。5种类型的裂缝组合扩展发育程度由强至弱依次为:①,③,⑤,②,④。其中第①类共轭裂缝组合起裂最早,扩展最快,裂缝间的连通趋势最好,说明规则分布的构造裂缝组合,在垂直于外施加载衙时更易达到连通的目的。     

湘西大龙洞岩溶流域农业生态环境与治理措施

大龙洞岩溶流域水土流失与石漠化严重、旱涝灾害频繁,造成该流域这种农业生态环境现状的主要原因是岩溶生态环境的脆弱性和长期的人为干扰。在研究湘西大龙洞岩溶流域自然地理与地质构造、岩溶水资源、土地与植被环境等特征的基础上,剖析大龙洞岩溶流域石漠化等农业生态环境存在的问题,并根据大龙洞岩溶流域农业生态环境特点,提出了有效开发利用岩溶水资源,提高地表水、地下水与降水资源的利用率及生态重建与恢复等措施。      

Hydrologic implications of the isotopic kinetic fractionation of open-water evaporation

The kinetic fractionation of open-water evaporation against the stable water isotope H_2 ~(18)O is an important mechanism underlying many hydrologic studies that use ~(18)O as an isotopic tracer. A recent in-situ measurement of the isotopic water vapor flux over a lake indicates that the kinetic effect is much weaker(kinetic factor 6.2‰) than assumed previously(kinetic factor14.2‰) by lake isotopic budget studies. This study investigates the implications of the weak kinetic effect for studies of deuterium excess-humidity relationships, regional moisture recycling, and global evapotranspiration partitioning. The results indicate that the low kinetic factor is consistent with the deuterium excess-humidity relationships observed over open oceans.The moisture recycling rate in the Great Lakes region derived from the isotopic tracer method with the low kinetic factor is a much better agreement with those from atmospheric modeling studies than if the default kinetic factor of 14.2‰ is used. The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration at global scale decreases from 84±9%(with the default kinetic factor) to 76±19%(with the low kinetic factor), the latter of which is in slightly better agreement with other non-isotopic partitioning results.     

双偏振雷达基本产品和回波分析

双线偏振技术扩展了常规多普勒雷达功能,可以直接探测到与降水粒子微物理特征有关的物理量,本文介绍了差分反射率因子Z_DR、传播常数差K_DP、相关系数ρ_hv(0)等双偏振雷达的主要基本产品生成原理,并利用空军最新721型双偏振天气雷达2008年7~8月探测资料进行了降水粒子相态识别和估测降水量分析,试图为双偏振雷达在飞行气象保障业务运行提供参考依据和帮助。     

黑龙江伊春红山华夏—安加拉混生植物群

系统研究了黑龙江省伊春红山地区晚二叠世红山组植物群,认为其性质为华夏—安加拉混生植物群。华夏植物区与安加拉植物区的界限,应以内蒙古陆及其东、西延展部分为界。     

Climate impacts: temperature and electricity consumption

Natural Hazards - One of the aspects of climate change is temperature rise. Temperature rise or fluctuations affect human economic activities and electricity consumption. This paper estimates the...