城市化对北京市极端气候的影响研究

利用北京地区20个气象站点35年（1980—2014年）的逐日降水、气温资料和社会经济、人口、土地覆被以及夜间灯光遥感的栅格数据,通过聚类分析和层次分析相结合的方法将站点分类,对北京市城市化进程中的极端气候变化趋势和城市化影响的响应进行了分析。结果表明：北京市整体的极端冷事件呈减少趋势,极端暖事件呈增加趋势,极端降水事件没有明显变化趋势;城市化对极端温度事件有着显著的影响,相对于乡村站点来说,城市化使得极端冷事件减少的更快,极端暖事件增加的更快,造成城市的气温日较差明显变小;城市化对极端降水的影响虽不显著,但在乡村站点年降水量总量和降水日数减小的趋势下,城市化造成城市降水总量和降水日数均多于乡村,减缓了连续无降水日数的增长趋势,同时城市的极端降水有向更加极端的情景发展。     

高精度曲面建模的三维地形可视化研究

根据高精度曲面建模理论(HASM)中曲面单元算法的特点,提出基于视点的多分辨率LOD实时生成算法。该方法通过对规则格网的DEM数据进行划分,以单元分片为基本单位对DEM数据进行组织。根据各曲面单元与视点的相对关系,以不同间距对曲面单元进行内插,实时重建视景内的三维地形。在实时显示过程中,对硬盘中的数据进行实时读取,采用多线程技术对图像渲染操作进行处理,实现了对DEM数据的实时计算、动态显示。该方法无需对规则格网DEM数据建立空间层次组织结构,在对虚拟地形进行实时漫游过程中,存储空间占用少,不受数据规模的影响。     

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日本绒螫蟹放流群体12S rRNA序列研究

参考果蝇与蚤状溞序列进行了日本绒螯蟹放流群体的线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因片段的引物设计、PCR扩增及序列测定,得到457bp的碱基序列,其A、T、G、C含量分别为158bp(34.57%)、178bp(38.95%)、51bp(11.16%),70bp(15.32%),与果蝇与蚤状相同基因片段序列含量相似.     

基于条件模拟的DEM误差曲面实现研究

为了克服DEM全局误差指标描述DEM精度的缺陷,基于条件模拟(CS)实现了DEM误差曲面的构建。构建了甘肃省董志塬某测区DEM误差曲面,并与普通Kriging(OK)插值结果进行了比较。结果表明,OK具有明显的平滑效应,而CS能准确反映DEM误差的空间波动性。DEM误差对坡度精度的影响分析表明,相比地形复杂的区域,DEM误差严重影响平坦区域的坡度精度;对测区水土流失等级划分结果的分析表明,约有70.2%的网格点的等级划分受DEM误差的影响。     

Sequence comparison of partial cytochrome b genes of two Coilia species

Sequence variation of partial cytochrome b genes between two Coilia species, C. ectenes and C. mystus, was investigated. Of the 402 nucleotides, twenty-seven (6.72%) are polymorphic and all are synonymous substitutions. At the third positions of genetic condon of cytochrome b gene, the two species show an extreme anti-G bias (<4%) and a pronounced bias towards A and C (>68%). There is no amino acid sequence divergence between the partial cytochrome b genes of the two species, indicating a close genetic relationship between them. The k-2p genetic distance of partial cytochrome b segment of the two species is 0.072, suggesting that the species were separated 3.6 Ma ago, in the middle Pliocene. Our result reveals that the cytochrome b gene is an appropriate marker for studies of population genetic structures and phylogeographic patterns of the two species.     

固定标本的DNA提取及PCR扩增

报道福尔马林、酒精固定的日本绒螯蟹标本的 DNA提取及 PCR扩增 ,并与冷冻、煮沸标本进行了比较。结果表明 ,福尔马林固定标本与酒精固定标本一样可以提取 DNA,加入的蛋白酶 K量越多 ,DNA的回收率越高。以提取的 DNA为模板 ,进行了线粒体 DNA12 S r RNA和 D- loop基因片段的 PCR扩增 ,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳 PCR扩增产物后均得到了与期待的碱基长度相一致的清晰谱带。     

金枪鱼延绳钓鱼体保鲜技术的初步研究

本文以作者在印度洋东部热带海域金枪鱼延绳的生产实践为基础,调查考察了两种金枪鱼：大眼金枪鱼Ｔｈｕｎｎｕｓ ｏｂｅｓｕｓ和黄鳍金枪鱼Ｔｈｕｎｎｕｓ ａｌｂａｃａｒｅｓ的冰鲜保存过程,对影响生鲜金枪鱼品质的主要因素进行了初步分析,并据此对金枪鱼冰鲜操作的各个步骤进行了阐述和总结,提出了作者的初步建议。     

榆林地区景观变化探测模型

Landscape is a dynamic phenomenon that almost continuously changes. The overall change of a landscape is the result of complex and interacting natural and spontaneous processes and planned actions by man. However, numerous activities by a large number of individuals are not concerted and contribute to the autonomous evolution of the landscape in a similar way as natural processes do. There is a well-established need to detect land use and ecological change so that appropriate policies for the ;egional sustainable development can be developed. Landscape change detection is considered to be effectively repeated surveillance and needs especially strict protocols to identify landscape change. This paper developed a series of technical frameworks on landscape detection based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Data. Through human-machine interactive interpretation, the interpretation precision was 92.00% in 1986 and 89.73% in 2000. Based on the interpretation results of TM images and taking Yulin prefecture as a case study area, the area of main landscape types was summarized respectively in 1986 and 2000. The landscape pattern changes in Yulin could be divided into ten types.     

Use of calcein and alizarin red S for immersion marking of black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles

Black rockfi sh Sebastes schlegelii juveniles(30–40 mm total length) were immersed in a range of calcein(CAL) solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S(ARS) solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in fi ltered seawater(salinity 30) for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths(sagittae, asteriscus), scales, fi n rays(dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fi n rays), and fi n spines(dorsal, ventral, and anal fi n spines) after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50–100 mg/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fi n spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fi n spines of fi sh immersed in 200–500 mg/L, 300–500 mg/L, and 200–500 mg/L ARS, respectively. Scales and fi n rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations(≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥200 mg/L ARS for fi n rays). The mark quality was highest(i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking) in fi sh immersed in 150–250 mg/L CAL or 300–500 mg/L ARS. In addition, there was no signifi cant difference in survival and growth of marked fi sh compared with controls 60 d post-marking( P 0.05).