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991.
Zhang Yiping Sha Liqing Yu Guirui Song Qinghai Tang Jianwei Yang Xiaodong Wang Yuesi Zheng Zheng Zhao Shuangju Yang Zhen Sun Xiaomin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(2):150-162
Two years of eddy covariance measurements of above-and below-canopy carbon fluxes and static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique measurements of soil respiration for three treatments (bare soil, soil+litterfall, soil+litterfall+seedling) were carried out in a tropical seasonal rain forest. In addition, data of photosynthesis of dominant tree species and seedlings, leaf area index, litter production and decomposing speed, soil moisture, soil temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density within the forest were all measured concurrently. Data from January 2003 to December 2004 are used to present annual variability of carbon flux and relationships between carbon flux and impact factors. The results show that carbon flux of this forest presented unusual tendency of annual variation; above-canopy carbon fluxes were negative in the dry season (November–April) and mainly positive in the rainy season, but overall the forest is a carbon sink. Carbon flux has obviously diurnal variation in this tropical seasonal rain forest. Above-canopy carbon fluxes were negative in the day-time and absolute values were larger in the dry season than that in the rainy season, causing the forest to act as a carbon sink; at night, carbon fluxes were mainly positive, causing the forest to act as a carbon source. Dominant tree species have greater photosynthesis capability than that of seedlings, which have a great effect on above-canopy carbon flux. There was a significant correlation between above-canopy carbon flux and rate of photosynthesis of tree species. There was also a significant correlation between above-canopy carbon flux and rate of photosynthesis of seedlings; however, the below-canopy carbon flux was only significantly correlated with rate of photosynthesis of seedlings during the hot-dry season. Soil respiration of the three treatments displayed a markedly seasonal dynamic; in addition, above-canopy carbon fluxes correlated well with soil respiration, litterfall pro-duction, litterfall decomposition rate, precipitation, and soil moisture and temperature. A primary sta-tistical result of this study showed that above-canopy carbon flux in this forest presented carbon source or sink effects in different seasons, and it is a carbon sink at the scale of a year. 相似文献
992.
Origin of natural sulphur-bearing immiscible inclusions and H2S in oolite gas reservoir, Eastern Sichuan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Liu Dehan Xiao Xianming Xiong Yongqiang Geng Ansong Tian Hui Peng Pingan Shen Jiagui Wang Yunpeng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(3):242-257
Based on results of microscopic observation and laser Raman analysis about fluid inclusions, multiple special forms of immiscible
inclusions that contain sulphur, liquid hydrocarbon, bitumen, etc. were discovered in samples collected from the H2S gas reservoir-containing carbonates in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Jinzhu-Luojia area, Kai County, Sichuan
Province. Based on the lithology and burial history of the strata involved as well as measurement results of homogenization
temperature of fluid inclusions, bitumen reflectivity, etc., it is concluded that the H2S in the gas reservoir resulted from the thermal reaction between hydrocarbons in reservoir and CaSO4 in the gypsum-bearing dolostone section at the high temperature (140°C–17°C) oil-cracked gas formation stage in Late Cretaceous.
Thereafter, research on a great number of immiscible inclusions in the reservoir reveals that elemental sulphur resulted from
oxidation of part of the earlier-formed H2S and further reaction between sulphates, hydrocarbons and H2S in geological fluids in H2S-bearing gas reservoir at a temperature of 86°C–89°C and a pressure of 340×105Pa and during the regional uplift stage as characterized by temperature decrease and pressure decrease in Tertiary. Meanwhile,
gypsum, anhydrite and calcite formed at this stage would trap particles like elemental sulphur and result in a variety of
special forms of immiscible inclusions, and these inclusions would contain information concerning the complexity of the fluids
in the reservoir and the origin of H2S and natural sulphur in the gas reservoir. 相似文献
993.
Based on summer observations of stable isotope of precipitation at Muztagata, western China, during 2002-2003, this paper
presents the relationship between δ
18O in precipitation and air temperature, and discusses the effect of moisture transport on δ
18O in precipitation. Results show that air temperature correlates positively with δ
18O in precipitation, and the temperature effect controls the δ
18O of precipitation in this area. The Muztagata region exhibits high δ
18O values in summer precipitation, similar to those shown at stations in adjacent regions. According to the results of our
model set up to trace the moisture trajectories, the westerlies and local moisture circulation contribute to variations of
oxygen isotopes in precipitation. In addition, the impacts of the moisture transport distance, the moisture transport level,
and the incursion of the polar air mass also influence the variations of δ
18O in precipitation. The moisture origins and transport mechanisms also contribute to the variation of δ
18O in precipitation at Muztagata. 相似文献
994.
995.
在黄土塬区,选择弯线地震勘探技术,相对传统的直测线地震勘探而言,可以克服由于黄土巨厚、沟谷陡峭、黄土干燥疏松且厚度横向变化剧烈等因素造成的激发、接收困难。设计弯线地震勘探观测系统,应遵循空间、时间条件来决定叠加次数;并考虑弯线叠加特点,计算弯曲测线共反射面元属性及道距、炮间距;根据动校正拉伸畸变,速度精度要求等综合因素选择炮检距。总之,弯线地震勘探技术的关键在于共反射面元属性分析,炮检中点的分散范围、分散度等参数的计算及优化。 相似文献
996.
997.
We survey 14 super-active regions (SARs) in the 22nd cycle and 15 SARs in the 23rd cycle. Each produced major flares and major solar storms. Among them, the 25 most violent super active regions (VSARs) are selected based on five parameters: the largest area of sunspots, X-ray flare index (XRI), 10.7 cm radio flux, proton flux and geomagnetic A
p index. In order to understand the VSARs, we have investigated a few key magnetic properties of those regions, i.e., net magnetic flux, tilt angle and force-free parameter best. The following results are found: (1) Most VSARs (84%) in our samples have net magnetic flux greater than 1021 Mx, implying that those are seriously unbalanced flux regions. Unbalanced flux active regions probably provide a nest to relate the small-scale to the large-scale magnetic field. (2) Most of the VSARs (68%) are of abnormal magnetic structure, violating the Hale–Nicholson Law. For most of the normal VSARs, the tilt angles are larger than 40°. 84% of the VSARs follow the hemispheric helicity rule. Generally, they have large magnetic twist and writhe helicity. (3) We also enlarge our samples to study the locations of VSARs by adding the top 10 of the major flares, proton events and severe magnetic storms from 1976 to 2001. It is found that 77% in our 30 samples of VSARs were preferentially located in 4 longitude bands, i.e., l
c=80°±15° l
c=170°±15° l
c=260°±15° and l
c=350°±15°. The interval of those longitude bands is roughly 90°. From the above results, we suggest that there probably is a special magnetic environment in the sub-photosphere of the four longitude bands where it is preferred to produce abnormal and complex active regions which easily produce major flares and major solar storms. Area, magnetic class, net magnetic flux, Carrington longitude and tilt angle of an active region may serve to predict likelihood of the active region producing hazarded space weather. 相似文献
998.
双热带气旋相互作用的研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
采用无基本气流的无辐散正压模式模拟了双热带气旋的运动。应用非对称理论研究了双热带气旋的相互作用。双热带气旋中的每个热带气旋主要由通过其中心的非对称气流(即通风气流)作用而移动。这股非对称气流是由其自身的线性和非线性效应产生的非对称涡旋与其配对热带气旋形成的非对称涡旋相叠加而引起的。 相似文献
999.
相同强度双台风相互作用的物理机制 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在无基本气流的假定下,应用无辐数正压模式研究双台风相互作用的物理机制。台风A位于观风B以西,两台风相距60km,且具有相同的强度。在台风A(台风B)的非对称流场中,由台风A(台风B)的线性β效应产生的非对称涡旋的方位相位与由台风B(台风A)形成的非对称涡旋方位相位相反(相同)。因此,台风A(台风B)的大尺度非对称涡旋较弱(较强)。小尺度涡旋逆时针旋转导致台风A逆时将打转。稳定的偏南非对称气流使台风 相似文献
1000.
The dynamics of tropical cyclone is investigated in a nondivergent,barotropic model with no basic flow.The effect of linear beta term on the movement and development of tropical cyclone is emphatically demonstrated.The streamfunction tendency due to the symmetric component of linear beta term appears in a dipole-like pattern with an east-west symmetry,which maintains and intensifies the large-scale beta gyres and causes the tropical cyclone to have a westerly moving component.The streamfunction tendency due to the asymmetric component of linear beta term arises in an ellipse pattern with a north-south major axis,which weakens the tropical cyclone.The streamfunction tendency due to the asymmetric component of linear beta term and the intensity of large-scale cyclonic beta gyre synchronously vary in a fluctuating manner with time. 相似文献