Matched field localization based on CS-MUSIC algorithm

The problem caused by shortness or excessiveness of snapshots and by coherent sources in underwater acoustic positioning is considered. A matched field localization algorithm based on CS-MUSIC (Compressive Sensing Multiple Signal Classification) is proposed based on the sparse mathematical model of the underwater positioning. The signal matrix is calculated through the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) of the observation matrix. The observation matrix in the sparse mathematical model is replaced by the signal matrix, and a new concise sparse mathematical model is obtained, which means not only the scale of the localization problem but also the noise level is reduced; then the new sparse mathematical model is solved by the CS-MUSIC algorithm which is a combination of CS (Compressive Sensing) method and MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) method. The algorithm proposed in this paper can overcome effectively the difficulties caused by correlated sources and shortness of snapshots, and it can also reduce the time complexity and noise level of the localization problem by using the SVD of the observation matrix when the number of snapshots is large, which will be proved in this paper.     

中国东北耕地物候期对气候变化的响应(英文)

We investigated the responses of cropland phenophases to changes of agricultural thermal conditions in Northeast China using the SPOT-VGT Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ten-day-composed time-series data, observed crop phenophases and the climate data collected from 1990 to 2010. First, the phenological parameters, such as the dates of onset-of-growth, peak-of-growth and end-of-growth as well as the length of the growing season, were extracted from the smoothed NVDI time-series dataset and showed an obvious correlation with the observed crop phenophases, including the stages of seedling, heading, maturity and the length of the growth period. Secondly, the spatio-temporal trends of the major thermal conditions (the first date of ≥10℃, the first frost date, the length of the temperature-allowing growth period and the accumulated temperature (AT) of ≥10℃) in Northeast China were illustrated and analyzed over the past 20 years. Thirdly, we focused on the responses of cropland phenophases to the thermal conditions changes. The results showed that the onset-of-growth date had an obvious positive correlation with the first date of ≥10℃ (P < 0.01), especially in the northern part of the Songnen Plain, the eastern part of the Sanjiang Plain and the middle and eastern parts of Jilin Province. For the extracted length of growing season and the observed growth period, notable correlations were found in almost same regions (P < 0.05). However, there was no obvious correlation between the end-of-growth date and the first frost date in the study area. Opposite correlations were observed between the length of the growing season and the AT of ≥10℃. In the northern part of the Songnen Plain, the eastern part of the Sanjiang Plain and the middle part of Jilin and Liaoning Provinces, the positive correlation coefficients were higher than the critical value of 0.05, whereas the negative correlation coefficients reached a level of 0.55 (P < 0.05) in the middle and southern parts of Heilongjiang Province and some parts of the Sanjiang Plain. This finding indicated that the crop growth periods were shortened because of the elevated temperature; in contrast, the extended growth period usually meant a crop transformation from early- or middle-maturing varieties into middle or late ones.     

枣庄煤田太原组煤中微量元素地球化学特征

采用中子活化法测定了山东枣庄煤田晚古生代太原组高硫煤层中的微量元素质量分数 ,用数理统计方法取得了高硫煤中微量元素的浓度分布范围、平均值和变异系数 ,用逐步聚类分析法和相关分析法分析了微量元素的共生组合关系 ,并用扫描电镜 -能谱分析了不同煤岩组分的微量元素浓度 ,在此基础上结合形态硫分析结果和沉积相分析结果 ,讨论了高硫煤中微量元素的富集因素、聚集机理和成因背景 ,指出受海水影响的沼泽沉积环境不但对煤中形态硫的分布和含量有控制作用 ,同时对煤中微量元素的浓度和共生组合特点也有影响。太原组高硫煤中的微量元素按其成因可分成两组 ,一组是陆源碎屑富集型 ,其含量直接与煤中灰分产率呈正相关关系 ;另一组为盆地内部沉积 -生物作用富集型元素 ,海水的入侵和盆地介质的停滞还原条件和陆源碎屑物质输入量的减少最有利于沉积 -生物作用型元素的富集 ,并以有害元素 Cu、As、 U、 Pb、 Mo、 Sr和 Co的富集为特征。煤中黄铁矿及其他硫化物是许多有害元素的重要载体 ,充分凝胶化的富氢镜质体比其他组分承载和吸附有更多的有害元素。深入研究不同煤层的有害元素的有机亲和性有利于指导煤的合理利用和采用有效的有害元素的去除措施 ,以利于煤的有效和洁净利用     

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高原季风的年代际振荡及其原因探讨

一、高原季风的形成演化史高原季风是高原对大气的冷热源作用冬夏相反，从而引起的对流层中、低层冬季为反气旋环流，夏季为气旋性环流的总称。在青藏高原的隆升过程中，到渐新世初（约37Ma．B．P．）其水平尺度开始大于斜压大气地转适应的临界尺度’“，高原季风开始出现“’，全球气候经历了一次大转型，从以纬向分布为特征的准天文气候开始转向季风气候。值得提出的是，在早第三纪（如始新世），陆海分布已基本上是现代格局，海陆季风体系（东南季风、西南季风）应该已经形成，然而东亚、南亚地区非常干燥，为什么当时没有季风雨相伴呢…     

最小二乘混合像元分解的端元丰度信息提取研究

针对无约束最小二乘混合像元分解算法提取地物端元丰度出现的局限性问题,通过野外实地采集的地物光谱数据建立研究区典型的地物波谱库,以Landsat OLI影像作为主要数据源,在经过Gram-Schmidt(GS)影像融合的基础上,利用纯净像元指数(PPI)及基于几何顶点的端元提取技术提取研究区典型地物端元,最后通过完全约束的最小二乘混合像元分解算法完成对研究区典型地物端元丰度的提取。结果较好地解决了无约束最小二乘混合像元分解算法提取的端元丰度信息出现负值的情况,并且提高了典型地物丰度信息提取的精度。完全约束最小二乘混合像元分解算法的RMSE误差均控制在0.174 913左右,在很大程度上提高了混合像元分解精度及实用性。     

《CT理论与应用研究》杂志在国际互联网上查看和交流的办法

本刊《ＣＴ理论与应用研究》杂志从２０００－２月起，即开始在北京民营科技网上，开辟了“ＣＴ科技进展与科技咨询的网页／ｗｗｗ．Ｍｙｓｔａｒ．ｃｏｍ．ｃｎ／３ＤＣＴ／”登载千禧之年“第七届 １９９９年度亚洲 ＣＴ科技十大进展与中国ＣＴ科技新进展信息交流会”的有关信息和评述．从２０００－０５月起，陆续登载“首届２０００年国际ＣＴ和三维成像会议”的组委会和征文及发奖事项。 本刊从１９９４年起，即向清华大学“国家学学术期刊光盘中心”和“ＣＮＫＩ中国期刊网”提供每期的杂志和相应的文章软磁盘，从２００ｉＮ１０日起…     

Effect of saltwater intrusion on groundwater environment in Weihe River downstream,Shandong Province,China

Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions along with dynamic changes of groundwater level, this paper analyzes the hydrodynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the study area. According to monitoring data of groundwater quality, the distribution characteristics of macro component are analyzed, and then fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to evaluate the impact of saltwater intrusion on groundwater environment. Concerning the influence degree of groundwater environment, the study area is divided into brine area, seriously influenced area, moderately influenced zone, slightly influenced zone and uninfluenced zone. The results can offer references for prevention and control of saltwater intrusion as well as the protection of water resources.     

地形对长偏移距瞬变电磁测深的影响研究(英文)

用基于张量格林函数的体积分方程法对三维异常体进行瞬变电磁响应的正演模拟,首先在频率域内计算电磁场分量的频率域响应,然后利用快速数字滤波技术将计算结果转换到时间域。设计和计算了水平电偶极子源激发下层状水平地层模型背景下的常见地形如山谷、山峰地形的模型,并考察分别把源和接收器放于这些地形中的瞬变电磁场响应,详细分析了这些地形对长偏移距瞬变电磁测深(LOTEM)的影响。结果表明,山谷和山峰地形对LOTEM的结果均有不同程度的影响。当电偶极子源放在山谷谷底时,地形对观测异常场的畸变非常严重;当接收器放在山谷中时,接收器处地形的影响强烈但该影响在空间和时间上只是局部的。总体来讲,不论山峰地形位于何处,其对LOTEM的影响相对较小。当地形处于发射源与接收器之间时,地形对LOTEM的影响非常小,表明在进行LOTEM勘探时,选择发射源的放置比接收器的位置更加重要,野外勘探是尽量把发射源选择在开阔的平坦位置。     

基于POI数据的上海市餐饮业空间分布特征及影响因素

以上海市为研究对象,基于兴趣点（POI）数据,运用核密度分析刻画餐饮业空间格局,并构建OLS模型、空间滞后模型、空间误差模型探究餐饮业空间分布的影响因素。结果发现,餐饮业空间分布呈块状聚集、多中心发展的格局。其中,西餐业高度集中于内环线以内,呈东西向延伸;快餐业在中心城区和高校集聚的城郊结合部大规模集聚。空间计量回归结果表明,餐饮业分布受到人口、经济、交通、空间4类要素的影响：区域经济发展水平高、人口规模大、交通优越、相关业态丰富会促进集聚,而周边业态的混合度过高则会抑制集聚,城市空间结构也会影响餐饮业分布,商圈、中心城区的餐饮业密度更高;中餐、西餐、正餐、快餐4类餐饮业分布的影响因素存在差异性,西餐企业倾向于分布在地价较高的地区,中餐企业对交通可达性有更高的需求,正餐企业的分布与当地区域经济发展水平显著相关,快餐企业的分布与各类文娱公共设施的分布有密切联系。