天然叶蜡石及其热处理产物的电子顺磁共振（EPR）研究

利用EPR研究了18个天然叶蜡石样及其4个热处理产物。发现天然叶蜡石有三个EPR吸收带：A（g有效≈11．4），B（g有效≈4．3）和C（g有效≈2．0），其中A是叶蜡石的特征谱。A在＞400℃热处理时与B在强度上呈消长关系；＜400℃热处理时A和B均随温度升高而加强；900℃时A消失，B的强度远远大于原样中的A；C附有超精细结构谱（g″=2.04,g┴=1.96,A″≈A┴=19.5×10^-4T），C在热处理时呈现复杂的变化。结果表明，A吸收带属于叶蜡石八面体AI（Fe)-O4(OH)2中的Fe^3 ，B吸收带归于八面体AI（Fe)-O2(OH)4中的Fe^3 ，C吸收带是无机自由基（如AI－O^-Si)和有机自由基的叠加谱；900℃热处理后八面体层中配位发生了变化：AI（Fe)-O4(OH2)→AI（Fe)-O5 H2O↑，AI(Fe)-O2(OH)4→AI(Fe)-O4 H2O↑；类质同象置换AI^3 的不仅有Fe^3 ,而且有Fe^2 离子。     

广州城区晚全新世环境变迁与人类活动

对广州市越秀区解放中路考古遗址剖面进行了年代学、岩性、硅藻和软体动物鉴定等研究,发现广州珠江北岸古城区南部在先秦时期为河道及河口湾湿地/洼地;因河流-河涌的淡水注入使河口盐度降低,故而沉积物中未见较高盐度的微体生物,仅发现了河口型咸水-半咸水硅藻;此时堆积的贝壳大多为淡水种,半咸水种少见,表明先秦(东周)时期,广州地区...     

中国东北地区夏季旱涝的大气环流异常特征

利用东北地区均匀分布的69个测站35年(1961～1995年)夏季月平均降水资料和NCEP/NCAR 1958～1997年月平均再分析资料,对我国东北地区夏季旱涝发生的大气环流异常特征及其差异进行了诊断分析研究.结果表明,东北地区旱涝年夏季,高纬和极区大气环流特征、东北亚异常长波槽脊的分布和活跃程度、东亚大槽和西太平洋副热带高压的位置和强度等均有十分明显的差别.不仅如此,该区域夏季降水异常还显著地受到亚洲季风诸系统的影响,包括南亚季风,也包括南海季风和副热带季风,并且高空西风急流的位置和强度也有明显变化.涡度、散度、垂直速度和水汽含量等物理量特征在旱涝年不仅有截然相反的分布,而且还表现出与低纬地区存在着不同的联系方式.位于菲律宾以东洋面上行星尺度的高层辐散和低层辐合也有一定不同,并且受热带地区大气加热强度变化的影响,东北地区所在经度上的经圈环流在旱涝年也发生了明显变化,从而对该区域降水异常产生影响.     

南海周边相对海平面变化特征及2004年苏门答腊地震影响分析

利用南海周边1989-2014年的潮汐资料和GPS长期观测资料,分析了南海周边相对海平面变化特征,以及2004年苏门答腊地震对该区域相对海平面变化的影响。研究结果表明,南海周边的相对海平面变化以上升为主,平均上升速率（4.53±0.20） mm/a,高于全球平均速率,且2004年后上升趋势加剧;南海周边相对海平面呈现6类较典型的变化特征,并存在与板块构造相对应的分区聚集现象,形成了中国东南和越南沿海、马来半岛、加里曼丹岛北部、菲律宾群岛等4个变化特征区。受2004年苏门答腊大地震的影响,马来半岛、南沙和西沙海域的地壳形变由上升趋势转为下沉,加剧了相对海平面的上升;中国东南沿海和菲律宾群岛受地震影响较小;越南沿海和加里曼丹岛北部区域的地震影响还有待进一步研究。     

基于“模拟实验”落实高中生地理实践力素养的培养与评价--以人教版高中《地理》必修1为例

模拟实验作为地理实践力的主要组成要素之一,在培养高中生求知探索品质、活用所学地理知识、锻炼动手能力等方面具有独特作用。本文结合新课标、校情、学情,划分了地理模拟实验的实践力表现水平层次,以人教版高中《地理》必修1中的热力环流、洋流、火山这三个有代表性的知识点为题材,进行校本化的模拟实验、水平划分和量化测评,实现地理实践力素养培养和评价的落地。     

湖南工业落后的原因与发展对策研究

湖南是一个人均工业产值明显低于全国平均水平的工业落后省,而且其工业化水平与全国平均水平的差距仍在进一步扩大。文中采用区位商分析和“偏离—份额”分析法揭示了湖南工业落后的内在原因,并在主导行业选择、工业中心建设、规模结构和所有制结构优化、人才建设与科技开发等方面提出了加速湖南工业发展的对策。     

Tropical cyclones and multiscale climate variability: The active western North Pacific Typhoon season of 2018

The 2018 typhoon season in the western North Pacific(WNP) was highly active, with 26 named tropical cyclones(TCs) from June to November, which exceeded the climatological mean(22) and was the second busiest season over the past twenty years. More TCs formed in the eastern region of the WNP and the northern region of the South China Sea(SCS). More TCs took the northeast quadrant in the WNP, recurving from northwestward to northward and causing heavy damages in China's Mainland(69.73 billion yuan) in 2018. Multiscale climate variability is conducive to an active season via an enhanced monsoon trough and a weakened subtropical high in the WNP. The large-scale backgrounds in 2018 showed a favorable environment for TCs established by a developing central Pacific(CP) El Ni?o and positive Pacific meridional mode(PMM)episode on interannual timescales. The tropical central Pacific(TCP) SST forcing exhibits primary control on TCs in the WNP and large-scale circulations, which are insensitive to the PMM. During CP El Ni?o years, anomalous convection associated with the TCP warming leads to significantly increased anomalous cyclonic circulation in the WNP because of a Gill-type Rossby wave response. As a result, the weakened subtropical high and enhanced monsoon trough shift eastward and northward, which favor TC genesis and development. Although such increased TC activity in 2018 might be slightly suppressed by interdecadal climate variability, it was mostly attributed to the favorable interannual background. In addition, high-frequency climate signals,such as intraseasonal oscillations(ISOs) and synoptic-scale disturbances(SSDs), interacted with the enhanced monsoon trough and strongly modulated regional TC genesis and development in 2018.     

Umbral oscillations and penumbral waves in Hα

We present examples of umbral oscillations observed on Big Bear H filtergram movies and investigate the relation between umbral oscillations and running penumbral waves occurring in the same sunspot. Umbral oscillations near the center of the umbra are probably physically independent of the penumbral waves because the period of these umbral oscillations (150 s) is shorter than the penumbral wave period (270 s) but not a harmonic. We also report dark puffs which emerge from the edge of the umbra and move outward across the penumbra, and which have the same period as the running penumbral waves. We interpret these dark puffs to be the extension of chromospheric umbral oscillations at the edge of the umbra. It is suggested that the dark puffs and the running penumbral waves have a common source: photospheric oscillations just inside the umbra.     

Analysis Of The Disappearing Filament And Flare Of 7 May 1992

By using Yohkoh soft X-ray data, H filtergrams, and radio data, the activation of the disappearing filament and the flare eruption on 7 May 1992 have been studied. Main conclusions are as follows: (1) the emergence of new magnetic flux tends to affect the pre-existing X-ray loops, which usually appear in arcades spanning H filament, changing the magnetic environment of the filament, and then enhance the current in the filament. Therefore newly emerging flux plays a fundamental role in the destabilization of this filament. (2) According to the H data and the rising motion of the filament, the corresponding current variation in the filament has been calculated. It seems that the current interruption may be a possible trigger mechanism for this filament disappearance. (3) The magnetic field strength and the energy flux of energetic electrons in the source region of microwave bursts have been estimated by using the microwave spectrum. During the main phase, the mean magnetic strength and the energy flux of energetic electrons are about 300–400 G and 1×1011 erg cm–2 s –1, respectively. (4) The energy provided by reconnection of the current sheet and the total energy of the current filament are estimated and we show that there is enough energy stored in the filament to feed the 7 May, 1992 flare.