Regional variations in trace element concentrations in tissues of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from South Vietnam

The goal of the present study was to examine the specific bioaccumulation of 22 trace elements in muscle, exoskeleton and hepatopancreas of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon from the Mekong River Delta (MRD), and the South Key Economic Zone (SKEZ), South Vietnam. The general tendency in most trace element concentrations among different tissues were hepatopancreas>exoskeleton>muscle. Comparisons of trace element levels in tissues between the two regions showed that concentrations of Se in muscle and As in all three tissues were higher in SKEZ; whereas in MRD, the higher concentrations of most elements such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Ba, Hg, were observed in tissues. These geographical variations in trace element levels may reflect the differences in human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for trace elements (<1) indicate that local residents are not exposed to potential health risks via the consumption of shrimp.     

Regional variations in trace element concentrations in tissues of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from South Vietnam

The goal of the present study was to examine the specific bioaccumulation of 22 trace elements in muscle, exoskeleton and hepatopancreas of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon from the Mekong River Delta (MRD), and the South Key Economic Zone (SKEZ), South Vietnam. The general tendency in most trace element concentrations among different tissues were hepatopancreas > exoskeleton > muscle. Comparisons of trace element levels in tissues between the two regions showed that concentrations of Se in muscle and As in all three tissues were higher in SKEZ; whereas in MRD, the higher concentrations of most elements such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Ba, Hg, were observed in tissues. These geographical variations in trace element levels may reflect the differences in human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for trace elements (<1) indicate that local residents are not exposed to potential health risks via the consumption of shrimp.     

Sediment transport trends and cross-sectional stability of a lagoonal tidal inlet on the Central Coast of Vietnam

Lagoonal tidal inlets are a typical morphology of the Central Coast of Vietnam. Recently, navigation channels in these inlets have become increasingly threatened by siltation. This study analyses the relations between sediment distribution and transport trends (using the technique of Sediment Trend Analysis-STA■) in the lagoonal system of the De Gi inlet and then proposes appropriate countermeasures against sand deposition in the navigation channel. The STA identified three types of transport trends in the De Gi inlet, namely dynamic equilibrium, net accretion, and net erosion. Processes associated with the tidal prism have resulted in trends of sediment transport and deposition across the flood and ebb tidal shoals, which maintain a present cross-sectional area of about 1000m^2. However, longshore sediment transport from north to south resulting from northeast waves cause additional sand deposition in the channel. In addition, the effects of refraction associated with a nearby headland and jetty also increase sedimentation. These processes provide the main reasons for sediment deposition in the De Gi inlet. Short term and regular dredging helps to maintain the navigation channel. A system comprised of three jetties (north, south, and weir) is necessary to ensure the longterm cross-sectional stability of the navigation channel.     

城市动态环境下GNSS RTK部分模糊度固定算法性能分析

针对当前GNSS RTK算法在城市环境下可用率较低,特别是动态条件下满足cm级精度定位的观测历元少的现状,将部分模糊度固定算法应用于城市动态环境GNSS RTK定位,并采用城市环境下车载数据验证部分模糊度固定算法的可用性。测试结果证明,该算法能显著提高城市环境下GNSS RTK模糊度固定率,增加cm级定位历元数量。     

A numerical model of wave overtopping on seadikes

This paper describes the development of a numerical model for wave overtopping on seadikes. The model is based on the flux-conservative form of the nonlinear shallow water equations (NLSW) solved with a high order total variation diminishing (TVD), Roe-type scheme. The goal is to reliably predict the hydrodynamics of wave overtopping on the dike crest and along the inner slope, necessary for the breach modelling of seadikes. Besides the mean overtopping rate, the capability of simulating individual overtopping events is also required. It is shown theoretically that the effect of wave breaking through the drastic motion of surface rollers in the surfzone is not sufficiently described by the conventional nonlinear shallow water equations, neglecting wave setup from the mean water level and thus markedly reducing the model predictive capacity for wave overtopping. This is significantly improved by including an additional source term associated with the roller energy dissipation in the depth-averaged momentum equation. The developed model has been validated against four existing laboratory datasets of wave overtopping on dikes. The first two sets are to validate the roller term performance in improving the model prediction of wave overtopping of breaking waves. The last two sets are to test the model performance under more complex but realistic hydraulic and slope geometric conditions. The results confirm the merit of the supplemented roller term and also demonstrate that the model is robust and reliable for the prediction of wave overtopping on seadikes.     

Meiobenthos assemblages in the mekong estuarine system with special focus on free-living marine nematodes

Meiobenthos assemblages in eight estuaries of the Mekong river system were investigated in August 2008 (from the Cua Tieu estuary to the Tran De estuary). In each estuary, one sampling station was established for meiobenthos sampling. Twelve major taxa of meiobenthos were recorded in this estuarine system, including Nematoda, Copepoda, Turbellaria, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Tardigrada, Bivalvia, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Cumacea, Gastrotricha, Gastropoda, and Crustacean Nauplii larvae. The densities of the meiobenthos range from 581 to 3168 inds/10 cm². Nematodes always occupy the highest numbers with a percentage ranging from 64–99%. There are 135 nematode genera recorded in this study with the following as dominant genera Desmodora, Leptolaimus, Halalaimus, Thalassomonhystera, Theristus, Daptonema, Rhynchonema, Parodontophora, and Oncholaimus. Although the biodiversity of the meiobenthos at higher taxa level is not high compared to other marine environments, the estimates of nematode biodiversity at the genus level indicates high values. The increase in number of genera with increasing sampling intensity illustrate that the diversity is underestimated and would have been higher if the authors had considered a larger number of individuals, more replicates per station, and more sampling stations.     

Distribution of eruptive volcanic basalt in the South China Sea and adjacent areas by interpreting gravity,magnetic and seismic data

Volcanic basalt eruption activity in the South China Sea and adjacent areas occurred strongly in Cenozoic E ra. However, it is difficult to define their ranges and spatial locations.This paper presents the methods of reduction to the magnetic equator in low latitudes to bring out a better correlation between magnetic anomalies and their causing-sources; high-frequency filtering is to separate gravity and magnetic anomalies as well as information about the volcanic basalts in the upper part of the Earth’s crust; 3D total gradient is to define the spatial location of high density and magnetic bodies. The distribution of eruptive volcanic basalt is determined by multi-dimensional correlation analysis between high frequency gravity and magnetic anomalies with weighted total gradient 3D.The results from the above-mentioned methods have shown that the distribution of the eruptive volcanic basalt is mainly concentrated along the South China Sea’s sea floor-spreading axis, transitional crust, Manila trench and some large faults zone. These results are improved by existing boreholes and seismic data in the study area.     

辽河盆地新生代火山岩地球化学特征及其与油气成藏的关系

辽河盆地形成于新生代时期,在其形成演化过程中,发生了多期次的火山活动,主要形成了明显富钠质的粗面质和玄武质碱性系列火山岩。稀土元素反映其形成于大陆裂谷环境,是大陆伸展构造背景下的产物。东营组和沙河街组火山岩的Sr、Nd同位素表明其可能源于软流圈,且地壳物质混染微弱,而房身泡组火山岩可能来自上地幔较浅源区,且受到了下地壳物质较强的混染。盆地内新生代火山岩与油气成藏的关系十分密切,它对油气的生成、运移、储集、封盖、遮挡、聚集和成藏有着重要的有益的影响。火山岩的异常热效应对烃源岩的生排烃起到了很好的促进作用,火山活动和火山岩就位过程及其后来被改造的过程为油气运移和聚集提供了运移通道、储集空间、封盖遮挡条件和圈闭构造。辽河油田近年的勘探实践表明,东部凹陷中段粗面岩油气藏的成藏要素配置良好,已发现了整装的千万吨级的黄沙坨油田,且开发效果良好,展示了新生代火山岩油气藏的勘探潜力,为老油田的产量接替和可持续发展提供了新的勘探目标。     

A coupled poroplastic damage model accounting for cracking effects on both hydraulic and mechanical properties of unsaturated media

Damage induced by microcracking affects not only the mechanical behaviour of geomaterials but also their hydraulic properties. Evaluating these impacts is important for many engineering applications, such as the safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal facilities. This paper presents a new constitutive model accounting simultaneously for the impact of damage on hydraulic and mechanical properties of unsaturated poroplastic geomaterials. The hydro‐mechanical coupling is formulated by means of the thermodynamic framework for partially saturated media, extended by taking into account isotropic damage and plasticity. State and complementary laws are governed by the so‐called plastic effective stress and equivalent pore pressure. Assuming a bimodal pore size distribution for cracked porous media, the hydraulic part (water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity) is modelled using phenomenological functions of damage variable. The participation of damage on both mechanical and hydraulic part enables this model to describe bilateral couplings between them. This coupled model is then validated against a number of experimental data obtained from Callovo‐Oxfordian argillite, which is the possible host rock for a radioactive waste disposal in France. Parametric studies are also carried out to check the consistency and to better demonstrate the bilateral couplings in the model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High Temperature Strain Structures and Quartz C-Axis Fabrics from Mylonitic Rocks in the Ailaoshan-Red River Shear Zone, Yunnan, and Their Tectonic Implication

<正>The Ailaoshan-Red River(ASRR) shear zone is one of the major Southeast Asian tectonic discontinuities that have figured the present tectonic framework of the eastern Tibet.Several metamorphic massifs are distributed linearly along the shear zone,e.g.Xuelongshan,Diancangshan, Ailaoshan and Day Nui Con Voi from north to south.They bear a lot of lines of evidence for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Tibetan at different crustal levels in different tectonic stages.Controversy still exists on the deformation structures,microstructures and their relationship with metamorphisms along the ASRR.In this paper detailed microstructural and EBSD(Electron Backscattered Diffraction) fabric analysis of some highly sheared granitic rocks from different massifs along the ASRR are conducted.High temperature structures and microstructures are preserved in unsheared gneisses,in weakly sheared xenoliths or in some parts of the highly sheared rocks(mylonites).Several types of high temperature quartz c-axis fabrics show symmetrical patterns or transitions from symmetrical to asymmetrical patterns.The former are attributed to coaxial deformation during regional shortening in an early stage of the Indian-Eurasian tectonic interaction and the latter are related to the transitions from coaxial compression to noncoaxial shearing during the post-collisional ASRR left lateral shearing.