新疆天格尔金矿成矿带矿物包裹体研究

天格尔金矿成矿带矿物包裹体的均一温度、爆裂温度、成矿压力、气相成分及物理化学条件的研究表明，金矿化可分为两个成矿阶段，矿化深度１～１．５ｋｍ，成矿热液具有酸性还原特性，金是以金硫络合物形式迁移沉淀的。     

合浦盆地——中国南方扭性盆地模式

位于广西南部的合浦盆地是中、新生代发育的小型沉积盆地，从该区的区域构造特征及大量地震资料揭示的盆地结构构造特征分析认为，合浦盆地的形成和发展始终受到区域性力偶的控制，表现出明显的张扭作用特征，后期（第三纪）受到压扭作用的强烈改造，合浦盆地这一发育特征在相当程度上反映了中国南方众多沉积盆地的共同特点。     

北太平洋海平面气压的EOF分析与北方涛动

本文利用自然正交函数(E0F)分析方法,对1951—1980年北太平洋月平均海平面气压距平场进行分解,讨论了自然正交函数前两个最重要的特征向量的空间分布及其年际变化的特征。指出第一特征向量的模型在西太平洋低纬地区有最大的凝聚,其时间系数序列与马尼拉站气压距平的年际变化很相似,而第二特征向量的模型在东太平洋副热带地区有最大的凝聚,其时间系数序列与 Ship N站气压距平的年际变化也很一致,并且由这两个特征向量的时间系数定义的北方涛动指数同由Ship N和马尼拉两个单站的气压距平定义的北方涛动指数之间有很好的对应关系。由于第一和第二特征向量的大尺度特征,及其表示了北太平洋气压年际变化总方差的30.5％,可以认为,马尼拉和Ship N站的气压距平在空间上是有代表性的,并且北方涛动在北太平洋大气环流年际变化中占有头等重要地位。     

重力滑动过程中蠕滑和松弛因素的作用及其与地震的关系

本文根据岩体自身的力学性质及其变化,讨论了具有挤压特征的正断层的成因。认为这些断层的形成有岩体本身的重力作用,同时也有应力松弛现象。岩体中的应力松弛现象是由流变学因素和非流变学因素引起的。由于松弛后岩体沿断层面滑动过程中,仍受到一定的挤压作用,因此易于出现粘滑现象,从而易于发生地震。     

磁纬20°以下地区哨声多台宽带定向观测及其初步结果

武汉大学哨声组与日本名古屋大学空电研究所合作于1988年1月在我国南方进行了哨声多台宽带定向测量。利用近两年研制的宽带数字化频率追踪定向分析系统,首次获得了磁纬20°以下地区哨声波出口区与偏振状态的实验结果。初步分析发现,在湛江附近（磁纬约10°N）存在一个比较稳定的哨声路径出口区,三台同时接收到的哨声大多从这同一出口区透射出来;有时存在两个出口区,一个仍位于湛江附近,另一个位于桂林和武昌之间;沿两条不同路径传播的同源哨声具有几乎相同的色散。本文所做的非导管射线追踪计算能比较满意地解释定向实验结果。另外,此次观测中还发现一些新的有意义的现象,如记录到近百例两跳、三跳及五跳回波等,这在低纬地区是非常少见的。     

BLOCKING EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM ON THE FORMATION OF EXTRA-INTENSE HEAVY RAIN

Commonly the centre of an intense heavy rain occurs in a very limited area,but for the three extra-intense heavy rains of the present study,63-8 in North China,75-8 in central China and 77-8 in the desertregion of Inner Mongolia,which all appeared under the environments of“Western Low and Eastern Blocking”(EB)pattern.From this study,the following effects of the EB are found:(1)It affects the precipitationsystems staggering in a local place and/or changes the trajectories of low votices and urges them into thesame raining areas intermittently.(2)It transports water vapour into raining areas.The air flows by thewest side of EB produce strong cyclonic vorticity behind EB frequently,which transports water vapour andforms mesoscale precipitation systems more favourably than the low level jets.(3)Air flows behind EB con-jugate with adequate topographic relief,which enhances the precipitation and makes the raining areas over-lapped.So that extra-intense heavy rains could occur in higher latitudes of semi-aird areas,and occasionallyeven in the desert region of North China.Such extra-intense heavy rains could not be explained by static local humidity and temperature only.This is also a principal discrimination between the prolonged extra-intense heavy rain and the short-rangeconvective precipitation and/or the common precipitation.     

中国东部马鞍山-常熟-启东地带地壳与上地幔结构和速度分布的爆炸地震研究

本文根据马鞍山、常熟两地井中组合爆炸激发的地震波,在马鞍山-常熟-启东长约300余公里的测线上,利用相遇和单支观测系统得到的记录,进行了数据处理、走时拟合和反演计算,并通过射线跟踪和理论地震图等,探讨了地壳介质的横向不均匀性,建立了该区成层地壳结构与速度分布的初步模型。 研究结果表明,该区不同界面的首波和反射波具有不同的特征。根据走时的间断、跳跃,视速度变化,频谱形态与主频率分布,Q值变化与振幅特征表明,在江苏省溧阳地震活动地区,地壳内部存在着深断裂和介质疏松破碎地带。 在该测线所辖地区,地壳由成层介质组成,其平均厚度为32-28km,在该地壳中存在着低速层,向东陆缘地带地壳缓慢变薄。 本文最后讨论了剖面所经溧阳地震地区的深部结构特征。     

The Rapid Inversion of 3-D Potential Field and Program Design

The application of three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic fields is very important not only in geophysical researches, but also in the study of geological structures. A formula of potential field in frequency-domain, developed by Parker in 1973, can be used as a rapid and effective algorithm in gravity and magnetic inversion. The technique has been improved then by Oldenburg, Sprenke, Feng and others.In addition to a brief introduction of Parker's algorithm and its applications, this paper includes the following five parts: basic computational techniques, inversion of single layer, convergence and constraints, simultaneous inversion for density and topography as well as inversion of multilayers. The authors present relevant practical iterative formulas and its varieties when density distribution varies with depth in linear or exponential relation. In order to maintain computation stability and speed up iteration convergence, some approaches are taken in the program design, for instance shifting lower interface of the studied layer, inverting corrections of topography, reducing grid boundary effects and utilizing low-pass filter. With the consideration of the nonuniqueness of the inversion, a method of using seismic data to constrain the range ofpossible models is discussed. It is pointed out that the density variation generates less effects than those of topography on the spectrum of gravity anomaly in second order. Therefore density contrast and topography can be inverted simultaneously by an alternative weighting iteration. By analogy, the inversion of multilayer model can be done in the above procedure. An approach of model decomposition is useful in the computation of multilayer model. The techniques discussed in the present paper for gravitational field are also valid for magnetic field.     

The Chemical Composition of Global Subducting Sediments and Its Geological Significance

Subducted sediments play an important role in crust-mantle interaction and deep mantle processes, especially for subduction zone magmatism and mantle geochemistry. The current rate of Global Subducting Sediments (GLOSS) is 0.5~0.7 km³/a. The GLOSS are composed of terrigenous material(76 wt.%), calcium carbonate(7 wt.%), opal(10 wt.%) and mineral-bound H₂O⁺(7 wt.%). The chemical compositions of GLOSS are similar to those of upper continental crust which is mainly controlled by the terrigenous materials, and yet the materials formed by marine processes will dilute the terrigenous materials. The components of subducted sediments are different among trenches. In the accretionary margin, the components of subducted sediments are similar to those of the upper crust, while in the non-accretionary margin the components are terrigenous materials plus those produced by marine processes. During subduction, subducted sediments will released fluids, melt or supercritical fluid to affect island arc/back-arc basin magmatism by means of aqueous fluid or sediment melt. In addition, a part of subducted sediments, together with underlying altered oceanic crust/lithosphere, recycle into the mantle and contribute to the mantle heterogeneity. Geochemical tracers indicate that subducted sediments play variable contributions to the magmatic processes in different tectonic setting. Thus, subducted sediments play an important role in two relatively independent dynamics systems (plate tectonics and mantle plume), as well as related mantle evolution models. As a result, by accurately calculating the compositions of subduction sediments and using various geochemical indicators, we can further limit the input and output fluxes of various elements or isotopes, and then obtain more accurately residual subducted components, which can provide us some important clues for geodynamic process.     

齐依求金矿中微球粒特征

首次报道齐依求金矿中微球粒的发现，对微球粒形态特征、表面及断面结构、物理特性、矿物组成、化学成分进行分析测试，并就其成因作了初步探讨，认为属宇宙成因。