GVG采样线代表性检验

通过在实验区内设置不同类型的采样线,对GVG采样线的代表性进行检验.结果表明,高速公路和乡村道路类型的采样线对区域代表性的精度在95%以上;国道为86.726%;省道为65.447%.对于不同的缓冲区,高速公路、省道和乡村道路类型采样线,以200m缓冲区的代表性最好.而国道则以800m缓冲区的代表性最好.对于不同的作物而言,无论何种类型的采样线或者缓冲区,种植面积最大的棉花的精度是最好的.最低的是省道采样线1000m缓冲区,精度是78.146%,最好的是国道采样线800m缓冲区,精度是99.974%.除省道外,其他精度都在94.8%以上.这说明GVG采样线所获得的成数对于区域主要作物的代表性是很好的.     

大型矿集区的预测方法应用——以巴尔喀什准噶尔成矿带为例

以中亚环巴尔喀什成矿带为典型研究区域,结合地质矿产、地球物理、地球化学和信息科学等信息数据及野外调查成果,以斑岩铜矿为主要矿床类型,以中比例尺对新疆及邻区的跨境巴尔喀什.准噶尔成矿带的含矿潜力进行整体研究.分析中亚大型矿集区成矿地质条件,总结研究区斑岩铜矿成矿规律,建立多元信息综合识别标志及矿床模型.结合空间数据分析技术,以ArcGIS为平台,建立中亚跨境成矿带主、客观模型整合的大型矿集区预测系统,得出中亚成矿带矿集区预测分布图,通过理论研究到技术方法的实现,为境内寻找大型矿集区奠定基础.     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- bonate cements of different phases in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoirs and significance for their origin： A case study from sandstones of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwestern Ordos Basin, China

Early carbonate cements in the Yanchang Formation sandstones are composed mainly of calcite with relatively heavier carbon isotope （their δ^18O values range from -0.3‰- -0.1‰） and lighter oxygen isotope （their δ^18O values range from -22.1‰- -19.5‰）. Generally, they are closely related to the direct precipitation of oversaturated calcium carbonate from alkaline lake water. This kind of cementation plays an important role in enhancing the anti-compaction ability of sandstones, preserving intragranular volume and providing the mass basis for later disso- lution caused by acidic fluid flow to produce secondary porosity. Ferriferous calcites are characterized by relatively light carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -8.02‰ to -3.23‰, and lighter oxygen isotope with δ^18O values ranging from -22.9‰ to -19.7‰, which is obviously related to the decarboxylation of organic matter during the late period of early diagenesis to the early period of late diagenesis. As the mid-late diagenetic products, ferriferous cal- cites in the study area are considered as the characteristic authigenic minerals for indicating large-scaled hydrocarbon influx and migration within the clastic reservoir. The late ankerite is relatively heavy in carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -1.92‰ to -0.84‰, and shows a wide range of variations in oxygen isotopic composition, with δ^18O values ranging from -20.5‰ to -12.6‰. They are believed to have nothing to do with decarboxylation, but the previously formed marine carbonate rock fragments may serve as the chief carbon source for their precipitation, and the alkaline diagenetic environment at the mid-late stage would promote this process.     

Geochemistry and environmental effect of cadmium in the super-large Jinding Pb-Zn deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Jinding Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan Province is the representative of a Cd-enriched area and mining activities lead to the release of Cd into the hypergenic ecosystem, resulting in Cd pollution. The concentrations of Cd vary greatly from one type to another type of rocks in the mining district. In the host rock, Cd concentrations range from 50×10^-6 to 650×10^-6 with an average of 310×10^-6. In primary ores, Cd concentrations range from 14×10^-6 to 2800×10^-6 with an average of 767×10^-6. However, in oxidized ores, Cd concentrations are highest, varying within the range of 110×10^-6 to 8200×10^-6 , averaging 1661×10^-6. It is shown that the oxidized ores are the main carder and environmental source of Cd. Leaching test showed that Pb/Zn ores are easy to oxidize and thereafter release Cd and other harmful elements. These leached elements in the leachate may be precipitated rapidly in the order of Zn〉Pb〉Cd. As for the concentration distribution of Cd in the Bijiang River, it is estimated to be 15.7 μg/L Cd in water, 49.3 mg/L in suspended substances, and 203.7 mg/L in sediments. The average value of Cd in soil from the polluted area is 83.0 mg/kg. Natural weathering of Cd-rich rocks and minerals imposes a potential environmental risk on the aquatic ecosystem of the Bijiang catchment.     

CBERS-02B星HR与多光谱影像融合及评价

CBERS-02B星搭载了高分辨率全色相机HR和多光谱传感器CCD,HR影像可以与CCD影像融合,优势互补形成新的影像,既保持HR的高空间分辨率又保持CCD的光谱分辨率,HR影像同样可以与其它传感器影像融合形成新的影像。本文使用6种不同的融合方法融合HR与多光谱CCD以及SPOT5多光谱影像,并对融合结果进行了定性和定量评价,得到了HR与SPOT5多光谱影像融合较好的方法,表明了HR与其它传感器影像融合的潜力,同时也对HR和SPOT5多光谱融合影像及与CCD融合影像进行了初步的对比分析。     

首都圈地区现今地壳运动的GPS观测与构造活动模拟

利用首都圈地区1992～2004年间280多个GPS点位复测资料,获得了该地区高精度的地壳形变速度场,相对欧亚板块的水平速度场由北向南由4 mm/a逐渐增加到9 mm/a;采用边界元(BEM)理论及位移不连续的多边形元素构建断层的三维模型,并利用均匀介质且各向同性的半无限线弹性空间模型反演计算了断层滑移量,模拟了GPS点位的位移场,在此基础上获得了主要活动断层和首都圈地区的地表、地表下15 km和25 km剖面的静态位移场、应力及应变场.结果表明,GPS点位的模拟位移场与观测值在南北向和东西向的误差分别为0.68 mm及0.77 mm,各个主要活动断层在1992～2004年间的构造活动较弱,随着深度的增加,剖面的应变逐渐增加.     

煤矿区沉降与遥感监测方法探讨

以晋城市煤矿区沉降研究为例,介绍了应用遥感图像调查与数字高程模型相结合的方法进行煤矿区沉降研究及监测。监测结果表明,沉降区主要集中在该区域的西北部,沉降区面积较大,沉降原因是大矿开采3#煤层,导致地面沉降,只有2处沉降由小煤矿开采9#煤层引起。经验证,具体位置虽有差异,但沉降区基本与实际吻合。依据当前合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的发展,对煤矿区遥感综合监测方法进行了讨论。     

世界海洋油气资源与勘探模式概述

描述了全球海洋油气储量的总体情况、海洋油气资源的地域分布以及海洋油气产量的状况与增长趋势。简略阐述了海洋油气勘探的阶段划分、海洋地质调查、海洋地球化学勘探、海洋非地震地球物理勘探以及海洋地震勘探各方法的基本特点、关键技术和常用手段等。对海洋油气勘探的前景,尤其是深水区和天然气水合物的勘探前景作了展望。     

努力提高三维地震勘探精度，为西部煤炭工业做出新贡献

以国家重大产业技术开发专项“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”项目的由来、意义和总体研究目标为引,概括的介绍了项目依托工程中各个专项技术研究完成情况,并对非均匀介质成像技术、高精度三维地震静校正技术、高密度采集技术、特观技术、岩性反演技术、属性体解释技术等六项重大关键技术取得的突破性进展进行了重点说明。指出随着我国煤炭生产重点的逐步西移,应加强诸如叠前、叠后深度偏移技术的研究,以解决复杂山区三维地震面元内地震反射波散射问题,提高其三维地震勘探精度,为西部煤炭工业做出新贡献!     

四川盆地泸州古隆起嘉陵江组储层特征研究

对研究区嘉陵江组沉积背景认识的基础上,通过岩心观察、岩石薄片确定了不同类型的储集岩和储集空间,得出本地区储层岩石类型和储渗空间类型均多样化的特点。从成因角度识别出来了溶蚀孔隙型储层、膏溶孔洞型储层、裂缝型储层等三类储层。研究不同类型储层的孔、渗特征及关系表明,溶蚀孔隙型储层物性要优于膏溶孔洞型储层,而溶蚀孔隙型储层中的颗粒云岩溶蚀孔隙型储层物性最好、颗粒灰岩溶蚀孔隙型物性其次、粉晶云岩溶蚀孔隙型储层物性最差,其原因是不同储层受沉积环境和成岩作用控制和影响。