Seismic response for an isosceles triangle hill subjected to anti-plane shear waves

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents an exact, analytical solution to the boundary value problem of the anti-plane (SH) waves scattering by an isosceles triangle hill on an elastic half-space by...     

Synthesis and characterisation of a multifunctional oil-based drilling fluid additive

An oil-based drilling fluid additive H-DEA (or humic acid-cocamide diethanolamine) was synthesised using humic acid and cocamide diethanolamine as raw materials. The rheological behaviors of H-DEA showed that the synthesised product has the good properties in both decreasing the filtrate loss and improving rheology property of oil-based drilling fluids compared with other commercially available additives. Under the optimal additive amount of 3%, both API filtrate loss and yield point changed remarkably from 5.40 to 0.41 mL and 9.0 to 25.6 Pa, respectively. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that H-DEA has good thermal stability in a wide temperature range up to 170 °C. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and rheological analysis revealed that the possible mechanism of the multifunctional effects may be attributed to the existing of high density of strong polar groups, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, and intermolecular association on H-DEA molecular structure. The results of the study showed that the synthesised H-DEA can be potentially used as a multifunctional oil-based drilling fluid additive in oil-drilling excavation.     

Exportation of coseismic deposits in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake

Coseismic deposits are easily transported outside of valleys, thereby inflicting damage through debris flows or aggregating and elevating riverbeds in the fluvial network. The evolution of coseismic deposits is crucial for predicting the sediment transport capacity and export time for managing postseismic geohazards; however, this evolution remains unclear. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of coseismic deposits due to rainfall is quantified at the valley scale to further obtain the sediment transport capacity. The results show that the relative average thickness predominantly controls the evolution pattern of the coseismic deposits. The sediment transport capacity, which is primarily influenced by rainfall conditions and topography, can be drastically increased by dam breaching and channel narrowing. Moreover, the computed export time, which significantly varies with the spatiotemporal distribution of deposits and the local climate, ranges from 2 to 80 years in the areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. This study contributes to providing scientific guidelines for efficiently managing postseismic geohazards and planning for disaster mitigation.

     

生态地球化学预测预警若干问题探讨

回顾了生态地球化学危害效应的作用机理,提出了区域地球化学调查-地球化学环境监测-机理研究相结合的生态地球化学预测预警基本思路。根据当前中国多目标区域地球化学调查和生态地球化学评价工作的现状,举例说明了土壤重金属元素累积、土壤环境变化、生态效应机理的若干研究方法,提出了预测预警成果体现的若干建议。     

Kinetic mechanism of competitive adsorption of disperse dye and anionic dye on fly ash

The adsorption behavior of four anionic dyes and one disperse dye in single solution and binary solutions on fly ash was investigated in order to elucidate the effect of competitive adsorption on the kinetics. The experimental findings showed that adsorption equilibriums of four anionic dyes were reached within 50 min either in the single solution or in binary mixtures. Competitive adsorption increased the time of attaining equilibrium of disperse dye. Desorption of dyes suggested the predominant adsorption mechanisms, that is, chemisorption for anionic dyes and physisorption for disperse dye. For the binary mixtures, the anionic dyes could be adsorbed preferentially on fly ash at the first stage. Second-order kinetic models fitted better to the equilibrium data of all dyes in the single solution as well as in the binary mixtures. The maximum rate constant of intraparticle diffusion and the minimum external mass transfer coefficient was found for disperse dye both in single and in binary solutions. The intraparticle diffusion constants and external mass transfer coefficients of the four anionic dyes in binary solution are similar to those obtained in single solution. The Biot number confirmed that the intraparticle diffusion was the rate-limiting step in the dye sorption process.     

Tectonics of the Dabieshan (eastern China) and possible exhumation mechanism of ultra high-pressure rocks

The Dabieshan is divided into three tectonic domains. The Southern Dabieshan is a stack of allochtons, from top to bottom: (i) unmetamorphosed Cambrian–Early Triassic series unconformably covered by Jurassic sandstone; (ii) weakly metamorphosed Proterozoic slate; (iii) HP rocks mostly retrogressed into greenschist facies; (iv) UHP allochton; (v) UHP-free gneisses. These units exhibit a NW–SE lineation and top-to-the-NW shearing reworked by S-verging folds. The Central Dabieshan is a migmatitic dome superimposed on UHP metamorphism and bounded by a detachement fault responsible for the exhumation of the UHP unit during its retrogression into amphibolite facies. In the Northern Dabieshan, early foliation and N–S trending compressional lineation are deformed by N-verging folds coeval to the syn-exhumation ductile structures of the Central Dabieshan. A geodynamic model involving coeval thrusting and normal faulting is discussed.     

环境同位素示踪技术在矿井水防治中的应用

环境同位素示踪技术是近几年新发展起来的一项新技术。采用环境同位素作为天然示踪剂可以标识矿井水分布、运移和补给规律,为矿井水害的防治提供直接依据,实例表明,采用该技术具有快捷、准确以及易于推广应用等特点     

Distribution of Arsenic in Sewage Irrigation Area of Pearl River Delta,China

The aim of the present work is to investigate the distribution of arsenic(As) in sewage ir-rigation area,to deduce the migration and transformation mechanism of As in soil and groundwater,and to infer the source of As in soil and groundwater.This study is carried out in a sewage irrigation area of the Pearl River Delta,China.Surface water samples,soil samples,and groundwater samples from sewage irrigation area were analyzed for As and other elements.As contents in water samples were analyzed by hydride gene...     

Data Analysis of Chang’E-1 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer and Global Distribution of U, K, and Th Elemental Abundances

Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is one of the main payloads on the Chang’E-1 (CE-1) lunar probe, mainly aimed to detect the elemental abundances and distributions on the lunar surface. At 03:58 on 28 November 2007, it performed the first observation of the lunar gamma rays. As of 24 October 2008, 2105?h of effective gamma rays spectra had been acquired by CE-1 GRS, which covers the whole surface of the moon. This paper mainly describes the data processing procedures and methods of deriving the elemental abundances by using the CE-1 GRS time series corrected spectra: first, to bin data into pixels for mapping; then, to perform a background deduction of the cumulative spectra and obtain a peak area of the elements; and finally, to use the elemental abundances inversion model to produce the elemental abundances. Based on these processing methods, the global abundance maps of U, K, and Th at a 5°×5° equal-area pixel are acquired by CE-1 GRS data. The paper gives a preliminary analysis of the uncertainties of the elemental abundances     

秦皇岛市地质灾害土地资源易损性评价

旨在为秦皇岛市地质灾害风险区划提供依据,提出地质灾害土地资源易损性的综合评价方法.在充分论证评价因子的基础上,对2008年秦皇岛市地质灾害土地资源易损性进行综合评价和区划.