一维地气耦合模式及其在内蒙古草原的应用

本文以内蒙草原大气边界层观测资料为基础，利用一个一维土壤—植被—大气模式对大气和地表进行耦合模拟。其中，地面过程采用NP89模式进行模拟，大气湍流参数化采用二阶闭合。运用观测与前人的研究成果对模拟结果的合理性进行验证，对比表明模式较好地解决了地表与大气的耦合，成功地对地表平坦的草原下垫面大气边界层进行模拟。分析表明，在半干旱内蒙草原草的生长季后期雨季８月，潜热通量占主导地位，最大可超过感热250 W/m2；在内蒙高原云的作用比较明显，影响不可忽略，模式对云的作用比较敏感。     

镜儿泉矿区地裂缝分布特征与形成机制研究

金属矿山地下开采引起的地裂缝问题已成为一种严重的矿山地质环境灾害,受到越来越多的关注。镜儿泉矿区经过前期的浅孔留矿法开采产生了大范围的地面塌陷和地表裂缝,后又采用充填法开采以保障地表建筑物的安全。本文以现场调查和地表GPS监测数据为依据,从地表裂缝的形成和发展探讨了地裂缝的分布特征、变化规律和形成机制。研究结果为保障矿山的生产安全提供了依据。     

青藏高原1985年冬季异常少雪和1986年异常多雪的环流及气候特征对比研究

利用青藏高原冬季异常积雪资料对比分析了 1 985年冬季异常少雪和 1 986年冬季异常多雪时期大气环流及热带海洋特征。分析结果表明 ,高原冬季多雪与少雪时中高纬度大气环流显著不同。与此同时 ,低纬热带环流及海洋特征也有明显的差异。探讨了造成这种差异的可能原因。     

重庆地区夏季一次降水过程及增雨潜力的数值模拟分析

利用国家气象中心GRAPES人工增雨云系模式,选取2008年7月4日重庆地区一次降水过程进行数值模拟,分析了重庆地区降雨天气的水汽分布、云系宏微观分布、云中微物理转化和增雨潜力等特征。结果表明：本次降水大气过程中,重庆地区水汽含量极为丰富,水汽分布与地形分布呈明显的对应关系,低层水汽输送较大,整层水汽通量较高,有明显水汽辐合,云中液态水对地面降水影响很大。西南气流和地形共同作用为重庆地区液态水的形成提供了有利条件,在东北部山区迎风坡处大量水汽累积抬升,易形成丰富的液态水。重庆东北部地区水汽向云水转化较强,过冷液态水含量丰富,冰晶含量少,0℃层附近水汽垂直通量较大,降水效率较低,有较大的增雨潜力。     

Distinct groundwater recharge sources and geochemical evolution of two adjacent sub-basins in the lower Shule River Basin,northwest China

Based on analysis of groundwater hydrogeochemical and isotopic data, this study aims to identify the recharge sources and understand geochemical evolution of groundwater along the downstream section of the Shule River, northwest China, including two sub-basins. Groundwater samples from the Tashi sub-basin show markedly depleted stable isotopes compared to those in the Guazhou sub-basin. This difference suggests that groundwater in the Tashi sub-basin mainly originates from meltwater in the Qilian Mountains, while the groundwater in the Guazhou sub-basin may be recharged by seepage of the Shule River water. During the groundwater flow process in the Tashi sub-basin, minerals within the aquifer material (e.g., halite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum) dissolve in groundwater. Mineral dissolution leads to strongly linear relationships between Na⁺ and Cl^? and between Mg²⁺+ Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ^2??+?HCO₃ ^?, with stoichiometry ratios of approximately 1:1 in both cases. The ion-exchange reaction plays a dominant role in hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the Guazhou sub-basin and causes a good linear relationship between (Mg²⁺+ Ca²⁺)–(SO₄ ^2??+?HCO₃ ^?) and (Na⁺+ K⁺)–Cl^? with a slope of ?0.89 and also results in positive chloroalkaline indices CAI 1 and CAI 2. The scientific results have implications for groundwater management in the downstream section of Shule River. As an important irrigation district in Hexi Corridor, groundwater in the Guazhou sub-basin should be used sustainably and rationally because its recharge source is not as abundant as expected. It is recommended that the surface water should be used efficiently and routinely, while groundwater exploitation should be limited as much as possible.     

Test method for single interior right angle in a corner cube prism

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Genetic mechanism and failure process of the Mogangling seismic landslide

This paper presents a case study on the Mogangling landslide and its characteristics and geological mechanism. The Mogangling landslide is a giant rock landslide located at the intersection of Dadu river and Moxi river. It is a landslide triggered by an earthquake with large magnitude that occurred in 18th century. Based on detailed site investigation, it shows the Mogangling landslide developed in the Kangding complex strata, composed of completely decomposed aggregates of massive-block stone, debris and soil with some gravels, pebbles and sand layer found distributed in front of the landslide. The control factor of the deformation of this landslide is the combined effect of Detuo fault which is located under the slope, and the regional stress formed along structural planes as well as the free surfaces formed by river cutting. Therefore, when the Kangding-Moxi earthquake (Ms =7.7) occurred on 1st June, 1786, due to seismic shaking, topographic amplification effects and back slope effects, the Mogangling landslide occurred. The Dadu River is the most important river for hydropower development in China; large-scale seismic landslides along the Dadu River are the most important geological issue during the construction of hydropower stations. Therefore, this research is important from the point of view of economic and social benefits.     

秭归龙会观5.1级震区及其邻区新生代以来的地壳应力场特征

为了研究三峡坝库区的地壳稳定性,根据奥陶－侏罗纪地层中构造变形的实际观测资料,计算了秭归龙会观５．１级震区及其邻区新生代以来区域应力场的主应力方向。结果表明：主压应力为北东东向,主张应力为北北西向;现代构造应力场与新生代以来应力场基本一致;晚第三纪以来,该区构造应力场相对稳定和统一。     

新疆尼勒克、巩留交界6.0级地震灾害损失评估与房屋震害特征

新疆尼勒克、巩留交界6.0级地震震中烈度为Ⅶ度,地震没有造成人员伤亡,但个别民宅倒塌,大量村镇居民房屋遭受中等以上破坏,一些教育、卫生等公房遭破坏;交通和水利设施有一定程度破坏,经及时抢修,未对灾区生产生活产生明显影响。通过实地抽样调查和统计计算,评估出本次地震造成的直接经济损失为67 846万元,需恢复重建的经费120 349万元。     

An interior solution of the vector graviton gauge field

We have found an interior solution of the Einstein equation containing a vector graviton field under a special mass distribution.