Delineating hazardous CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> fluxes from acid mine drainage

Incidents of hazardous accumulations of CO₂ in homes built on or near reclaimed mine land, in the last decade, have been shown to be linked to neutralization reactions between acidic mine drainage and carbonate material. Recent research has shown that CO₂ fluxes on reclaimed mine land with this hazard are, sometimes, spatially autocorrelated (i.e., the spatial variability is not random). This result implies geostatistics can be used to delineate hazardous areas where fluxes are likely to exceed established thresholds. This study applies sequential Gaussian simulation to delineate this emerging hazard on a site in southwestern Indiana, USA. Due to lack of regulatory threshold limits for CO₂ flux at the current time, the authors conduct a sensitivity analysis of the threshold limit using the 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles of the measured fluxes for the first day of monitoring. These limits are used to produce hazard maps, which are validated with the known hazard at the site. This work further shows the potential of surface CO₂ flux monitoring as a cheap and effective strategy to monitor and delineate such hazards to avoid residential and commercial real estate development in high risk zones.     

贵州人影作业空域申报自动化系统应用效果分析

近年来,针对日益繁忙的空中交通与不断增长的人影作业需求的矛盾,研制开发了贵州省空域自动化系统,为进一步了解系统在实际人影作业中的应用情况及效果,利用2014-2020年全省人影地面作业数据及全国人工影响天气作业信息上报等资料,对使用系统前后的地面人影申报与批复流程、作业情况、空域申请及批复耗时等进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)简化了业务流程,使用系统后一个申请批复流程从以往的至少需打8个电话缩短至2个,平均每个作业点批复耗时减少1.5 min,年均有效批复率较使用系统前提高2.8%,新型的扁平式管理,减少了管理层级,提高了业务效率。(2)系统投入使用后高炮年均作业次数较使用系统前增长20%,火箭年均作业次数较使用系统前增长82%,且年均获得作业时长较使用系统前增长37%,在实现人影作业多点同时申请与批复的同时,解决了电话占线等问题,提高了作业及时申请的成功率。(3)提高作业信息上传准确率,使用系统后年均人影地面作业信息上报及时率较使用系统前提高2.3%。     

四川盆地震旦系陡山沱组烃源岩地球化学特征与有机质富集机制

深层古老层系在油气勘探中的重要性正越来越受到重视，四川盆地震旦系陡山沱组是中国南方这一领域的潜在烃源岩层系，但过去因关注少而研究程度低。为加深对其理解，文章以样品条件较好的四川盆地东北缘城口明月乡剖面为例，采用岩石学、主、微量及稀土元素等综合分析的方法，系统探讨了陡山沱组泥页岩的地球化学特征和有机质富集机制。结果表明，陡山沱组发育了一套富有机质的泥页岩，主体沉积于次氧化—还原水体环境，显著的Eu 正异常表明沉积时受热液活动影响明显。烃源岩有机质富集显著受控于沉积环境，同时由于沉积时整体处于较低的沉积速率，使得自下而上随沉积速率增大，有机质逐渐富集。此外，热液活动促进了有机质富集。陡山沱组具有资源潜力，但非均质性发育，可能与冰期—间冰期的海平面升降有关。     

深圳旅游房地产的发展过程和影响因素分析——以深圳观澜豪园为例

从旅游房地产的概念界定入手,阐述深圳旅游房地产的发展过程,并以深圳观澜豪园为例,对深圳旅游房地产发展的可行性与制约性因素进行分析,进一步探讨以观澜豪园为例的深圳旅游房地产发展的宏观及微观影响因素,总结出现今深圳旅游房地产发展存在的问题,最后对深圳旅游房地产的特点和发展前景进行了讨论.     

Coordinative Development Between Land Use Change and Regional Population-Resources-Environment- Development System-A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

Land use change has significant influence on the operation of the PopulationResources-Environment-De-velopment (PRED) System. Moderate land use is the key factor to ensure the coordinative and sustainable development between land use and PRED system. Based on the internal relationship between land use and PRED system, a PRED evaluation index system and a Press-Status-Response (PSR) model were established in this study. According to the expounding on the mechanism of the PSR model, we investigated the coordinative development between the changes of regional land use and PRED system taking Jiangsu Province as an example. The results showed that the orders of the Synthetic Index of Land Use (SILU) and the Variation of PRED Index (VPI) in Jiangsu are both the southern Jiangsu>the central Jiangsu>the northern Jiangsu. A cubic curve model was used to fit the relationship between the VPI and SILU. The inflection point of VPI was situated in 5.0 of SILU. When SILU was below 5.0, VPI increased with SILU, which will be helpful to the coordinative development between land use and PRED system. Based on those results, it is suggested that the land use degree of the southern Jiangsu, especially that of Nanjing City, should be moderately controlled at present, while land resources of the central Jiangsu and the northern Jiangsu should be further exploited.     

国际气候变化研究趋势

以全球变暖为显著特征的气候变化现象引起了政府、公众和科学界的广泛关注。近年来,一系列极端气候事件更使气候变化成为一个全球性的重大议题。2009年哥本哈根会议中的争论表明,气候变化已经超出一般的环境或气候领域,是涉及到新的     

无显著海温异常强迫下西太平洋副热带高压的异常变动:1980年和1981年的对比分析

1980年和1981年夏季及其前期冬春季太平洋和印度洋海温均未出现显著异常。然而,这两年东亚夏季风环流的季节内变化却呈现显著异常,且截然不同,具体表征为:1980年西太平洋副热带高压（副高）第一次北跳异常偏早,第二次北跳异常偏晚,而1981年则相反,第一次北跳接近气候态,第二次北跳却异常偏早。就副高两次北跳过程而言,其直接原因也有显著差异:1980年副高两次北跳主要受热带西太平洋对流增强的影响,而1981年两次北跳则是由于热带西太平洋对流增强后所激发的极向传播的Rossby波列与中高纬度东传的Rossby波的锁相作用造成的。与北跳过程相比,副高北跳前后环流稳定维持的时间长短显得更为重要。研究表明,1980年夏季副高异常程度之所以堪比1983年和1998年强El Ni?o衰减年,主要是由于不同阶段南半球环流和北半球中高纬度环流的相互配合与接力,其中,6月和8月副高异常偏强对夏季平均副高异常偏强起到主要贡献,但二者的影响因子不同:6月主要受马斯克林高压（马高）偏强的影响,而8月则与澳大利亚高压（澳高）异常偏强有关。此外,7月和8月副高异常偏南是因为鄂霍茨克海阻塞高压长期维持。与1980年相比,1981年夏季马高和澳高均异常偏弱,因而南半球环流对副高异常的影响有限。北半球中高纬度环流的季节内变化对该年夏季副高的快速北进和南退起主导作用,特别是8月中高纬度盛行强烈的经向环流,使得副高异常偏东偏弱,从而导致夏季平均副高异常偏东偏弱。本文的个例分析表明,在无显著海温异常强迫的年份需要特别关注南半球环流和北半球中高纬度环流对副高及与之相关的东亚夏季风环流的季节内演变的影响,但是这些环流因子持续性较差,难以用于跨季度预测。